MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Webequie Supply Road Project

May 1, 2025

AtkinsRéalis Ref: 661910

Draft Environmental Assessment Report / Impact Statement

MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-3

Project Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-3
1. Project Location………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-4
1. Project Proponent……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1-7
  1. Proponent Contact Information…………………………………………………………………….. 1-7
  1. Overview of Webequie First Nation……………………………………………………………….. 1-8
  1. Webequie Project Team and Elders’ Guiding Principles……………………………………… 1-9
  1. Project Team……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1-9
  1. Proposed or Anticipated Financial Support………………………………………………………. 1-9
1. Background and Purpose of the Project………………………………………………………………………. 1-10
  1. Background and Context…………………………………………………………………………… 1-10
  1. Purpose and Rationale for the Project…………………………………………………………… 1-12
    1. Rationale for Project…………………………………………………………………. 1-13
1. Legislative and Regulatory Framework………………………………………………………………………… 1-16
  1. Ontario Environmental Assessment Act………………………………………………………… 1-16
  1. Canada Impact Assessment Act………………………………………………………………….. 1-17
    1. Regional Assessment of Ring of Fire Area…………………………………….. 1-18
  1. Process for Federal-Provincial Coordination…………………………………………………… 1-19
  1. Other Relevant Federal Permits and Approvals………………………………………………. 1-20
  1. Other Relevant Provincial Permits and Approvals……………………………………………. 1-21
1. Report Organization and Presentation…………………………………………………………………………. 1-24
1. References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-25

2. Engagement and Consultation Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 2-4

Overview of Engagement and Consultation Program……………………………………………………….. 2-4
- Regulatory Engagement and Consultation…………………………………………………………………….. 2-5
  - Engagement and Consultation Prior to Initiation of the EA/IS Phase……………………… 2-5
  - Provincial and Federal Regulatory Requirements……………………………………………… 2-6
    - Fulfillment of Duty to Consult……………………………………………………….. 2-7
    - Issues Resolution………………………………………………………………………. 2-7
- Identification of Participants……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2-8
  - Indigenous Communities and Groups…………………………………………………………….. 2-8
  - Stakeholder Participants……………………………………………………………………………. 2-10
    - Ontario Government Review Team and Federal Agencies………………… 2-10
  - Engagement Milestones and Timelines…………………………………………………………. 2-11
- Indigenous Communities/Groups Engagement and Consultation……………………………………….. 2-12
  - Principles and Approach to Engagement and Consultation………………………………… 2-12
    - Webequie-Led Indigenous Engagement and Consultation…………………. 2-12

Elders’ Guiding Principles………………………………………………………….. 2-13
- Webequie First Nation Three-Tier Approach…………………………………… 2-13
- How Indigenous Knowledge was Obtained, Used and Protected…………………………. 2-15
- Indigenous Engagement and Consultation Methods………………………………………… 2-17
  - Newsletters…………………………………………………………………………….. 2-21
- Summary of Indigenous Engagement and Consultation Activities……………………….. 2-26
  - Round 1 – Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………………. 2-26
  - Round 2 – Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………………. 2-29
  - Round 3 – Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………………. 2-34
- Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised by Indigenous Communities and

Groups and Status of Resolution…………………………………………………………………. 2-39

Public and Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation Methods……………………………………….. 2-53
- Summary of Engagement and Consultation Activities for the Public and

Stakeholders…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2-54

Project Notifications and Monthly Newsletters………………………………… 2-54
- Notices to Stakeholders…………………………………………….. 2-54
  - Monthly Newsletter………………………………………………….. 2-55
- Public Information Centres…………………………………………………………. 2-55
- Project Website……………………………………………………………………….. 2-56
- Provincial and Federal Agencies Review of Study Plans and

Baseline Studies……………………………………………………………………… 2-56

Feedback for Evaluation of Alternatives………………………… 2-57
- Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised by the Public and Stakeholders and

Status of Resolution…………………………………………………………………………………. 2-58

Record of Engagement and Consultation……………………………………………………………………… 2-70
- Ongoing and Proposed Future Engagement and Consultation………………………………………….. 2-71
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2-72

3 Evaluation of Project Alternatives……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-4

Alternatives to the Undertaking……………………………………………………………………………………. 3-5
- Method for Evaluating Alternatives to the Undertaking……………………………………….. 3-6
- Evaluation of Alternatives to the Undertaking…………………………………………………… 3-7
  - Alternative 1: Do Nothing – Null Alternative……………………………………… 3-7
  - Alternative 2: Upgrade Existing Trail System to Seasonal Winter Road….. 3-7
  - Alternative 3: Alternative Modes of Transportation…………………………….. 3-8
  - Alternative 4: Manage Transportation Demand……………………………….. 3-12
  - Alternative 5: New All-Season Road…………………………………………….. 3-12
- Preferred “Alternative to the Undertaking”……………………………………………………… 3-12

Identification of “Alternative Methods of Carrying Out the Undertaking”………………………………. 3-13
- Background Studies………………………………………………………………………………… 3-14
- Alternate Corridors – Screening Level Assessment…………………………………………. 3-16
  - Identification of Alternate Concept-Level Corridors………………………….. 3-16
- Conclusion and Rationale for Selection of the Preferred Corridor – Screening Level Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………… 3-33
- Alternate Routes Identified for Assessment…………………………………………………… 3-33
  - Alternative 1…………………………………………………………………………… 3-36
  - Alternative 2…………………………………………………………………………… 3-36
  - Alternative 3…………………………………………………………………………… 3-37
- Method for Selection of Preferred Route Within the Preferred Corridor………………… 3-41
  - Data Collection………………………………………………………………………. 3-42
  - Select and Weight the Factors, Disciplines, and Criteria…………………… 3-42
  - Select and Score Indicators………………………………………………………. 3-43
  - Build and Validate Baseline Model………………………………………………. 3-46
  - Run the Model and Standardize Scores……………………………………….. 3-46
  - Review Results and Select Preferred Route………………………………….. 3-48
- Sensitivity Analyses……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-52
- Project Supportive Infrastructure Alternatives……………………………………………………………….. 3-57
  - Alternate Aggregate Sources – Screening Level Assessment……………………………. 3-57
    - Alternate Aggregate Sources…………………………………………………….. 3-57
    - Screening of Alternate Aggregate Sources……………………………………. 3-58
  - Aggregate Source Locations and Access Roads……………………………………………. 3-63
  - Construction Camps………………………………………………………………………………… 3-68
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3-71

4. Project Description…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5

Project Overview and Location…………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5
- Project Design and Planning………………………………………………………………………………………. 4-5
  - Road Design and Applicable Design Criteria and Standards……………………………….. 4-5
  - Environmental Planning……………………………………………………………………………… 4-7
- Project Components………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-7
  - Roadway………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-8
    - Road Geometric Design…………………………………………………………….. 4-8
      - Horizontal Alignment…………………………………………………. 4-8
      - Vertical Alignment…………………………………………………….. 4-9
    - Road Cross-Section and Cross-Fall………………………………………………. 4-9
    - Road Foundation and Driving Surface………………………………………….. 4-10
      - Road Design in Peatlands…………………………………………. 4-11

Roadside Safety…………………………………………………………………….. 4-13
- Maintenance Turnaround Areas and Maintenance/Rest Areas…………… 4-13
- Illumination…………………………………………………………………………….. 4-15
- Intersections………………………………………………………………………….. 4-15
- Fencing and Signage……………………………………………………………….. 4-15
- Drainage and Stormwater Management……………………………………………………….. 4-15
  - Roadside Ditches……………………………………………………………………. 4-16
  - Waterbody Crossings – Bridges and Culverts………………………………… 4-16
    - Structure Foundations……………………………………………… 4-21
    - Structural Considerations and Enhanced Drainage Design Standards for Water Crossings………………………………….. 4-22
- Temporary and Permanent Supporting Infrastructure………………………………………. 4-24
  - Aggregate/Rock Source Areas (Pits and Quarries)………………………….. 4-24
    - Aggregate Source Area ARA-2…………………………………… 4-25
    - Aggregate Source Area – ARA-4…………………………………. 4-28
  - Access Roads………………………………………………………………………… 4-31
  - Construction Camps with Laydown/Storage Areas………………………….. 4-32
  - Power Supply and Communications…………………………………………….. 4-34
  - Maintenance and Storage Facility……………………………………………….. 4-34
  - Storage of Fuels, Explosives and Wastes…………………………………….. 4-35
- Project Phases and Activities…………………………………………………………………………………… 4-36
  - Project Phases and Schedule…………………………………………………………………….. 4-36
  - Construction Phase Activities…………………………………………………………………….. 4-37
    - Surveying and Staking……………………………………………………………… 4-38
    - Vegetation Clearing and Grubbing………………………………………………. 4-38
    - Construction and Use of Supportive Infrastructure………………………….. 4-38
      - Temporary Construction Camps with Laydown/Storage Areas4-39
      - Temporary Access Roads and Waterbody Crossings………. 4-40
      - Aggregate Extraction and Processing Activities at Pits/Quarries4-41
      - Maintenance and Storage Facility……………………………….. 4-43
    - Construction of Proposed Road…………………………………………………. 4-43
    - Permanent Waterbody Crossing Structures…………………………………… 4-45
    - Decommissioning and Site Restoration/Reclamation……………………….. 4-46
    - Materials and Equipment Delivery……………………………………………….. 4-47
    - Potential Emissions, Discharges, and Wastes……………………………….. 4-63
    - Environmental Monitoring…………………………………………………………. 4-64
    - Environmental Protection and Controls………………………………………… 4-64
  - Operations Phase……………………………………………………………………………………. 4-65
    - Maintenance and Operation Activities………………………………………….. 4-66

Visual Patrols and Inspections of Road………………………… 4-66
- Vegetation Management…………………………………………… 4-66
  - Repair and Rehabilitation of Culverts and Bridges………….. 4-67
  - Resurfacing and Repair to Road Surface and Shoulders….. 4-67
  - Aggregate Extraction and Processing………………………….. 4-68
  - Dust Control…………………………………………………………… 4-69
  - Road Drainage System Maintenance…………………………… 4-69
  - Access Road Maintenance………………………………………… 4-69
  - Maintenance and Storage Facility……………………………….. 4-70
  - Winter Maintenance…………………………………………………. 4-70
  - Spills and Emergency Response………………………………… 4-71
  - Potential Emissions, Discharges, and Wastes……………….. 4-71
- Equipment Requirements………………………………………………………….. 4-72
- Environmental Monitoring…………………………………………………………. 4-73
- Environmental Protection and Controls………………………………………… 4-73
- Project Workforce Requirements……………………………………………………………………………….. 4-74
  - Construction Workforce……………………………………………………………………………. 4-74
  - Operations Workforce……………………………………………………………………………… 4-82
  - Training…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4-83
- Management Plans………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-84
  - Construction Environmental Management Plan Framework……………………………….. 4-84
    - Content of the CEMP……………………………………………………………….. 4-85
    - Contents of Component Management Plans………………………………….. 4-85
  - Operation Environmental Management Plan Framework…………………………………… 4-86
- Summary of Project Changes…………………………………………………………………………………… 4-86
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-86

5. Environmental Assessment / Impact Assessment Approach and Methods………………………………… 5-4

Identification of Valued Components……………………………………………………………………………. 5-5
- Assessment of Effects on Valued Components………………………………………………………………. 5-6
  - Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………… 5-8
    - Regulatory and Policy Setting……………………………………………………… 5-8
    - Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities……. 5-8
    - Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information……………………………………………………………………………… 5-8
    - Spatial and Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………….. 5-10
      - Spatial Boundaries………………………………………………….. 5-11
      - Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………. 5-11
    - Identification of Project Interactions with VCs…………………………………. 5-11

Existing Conditions…………………………………………………………………………………… 5-13
- Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) Approach………………………………. 5-14
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators………………………………… 5-14
  - Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) Approach………………………………. 5-15
- Mitigation and Enhancement Measures………………………………………………………… 5-16
  - Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) Approach………………………………. 5-17
- Characterization of Net Effects……………………………………………………………………. 5-17
- Determination of Significance……………………………………………………………………… 5-19
- Assessment of Cumulative Effects……………………………………………………………….. 5-20
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………. 5-21
- Follow-up and Compliance Monitoring Programs…………………………………………….. 5-22
- Assessment of Other Effects…………………………………………………………………………………….. 5-23
  - Assessment of Accidents and Malfunctions……………………………………………………. 5-23
  - Effects of the Environment on the Project………………………………………………………. 5-23
  - Effects of the Project in the Context of Canada’s Environmental Obligations………….. 5-24
  - Project’s Contribution to Sustainability………………………………………………………….. 5-24
- Summary of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………….. 5-25
  - Evaluate the Advantages and Disadvantages…………………………………………………. 5-26
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5-26

6 Assessment of Effects on Geology, Terrain, and Soils…………………………………………………………… 6-5

Scope of the Assessment………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-5
- Regulatory and Policy Setting………………………………………………………………………. 6-5
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………….. 6-9
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…… 6-13
- Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………….. 6-16
- Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………… 6-17
  - Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………… 6-17
  - Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 6-19
- Identification of Project Interactions with Geology, Terrain, and Soils…………………… 6-19
- Existing Conditions…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-21
  - Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-22
    - Desktop Review of Background Information…………………………………… 6-22
    - Field Surveys………………………………………………………………………….. 6-22
  - Results………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-23
    - Regional Geology……………………………………………………………………. 6-23
      - Tectonic Setting………………………………………………………. 6-23
      - Structural Geology…………………………………………………… 6-23
      - Lithology……………………………………………………………….. 6-25

Local Geology…………………………………………………………………………. 6-25
- Quaternary Geology…………………………………………………. 6-25
- Geochemical Analysis………………………………………………………………. 6-27
- Geologic Hazards……………………………………………………………………. 6-29
- Ecoregions…………………………………………………………………………….. 6-31
- Terrain………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-31
- Soils……………………………………………………………………………………… 6-40
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators………………………………………………. 6-49
  - Change to Geology and Geochemistry………………………………………………………….. 6-49
  - Alteration of Topography and Terrain……………………………………………………………. 6-50
  - Change to Soil Quality………………………………………………………………………………. 6-50
  - Loss of Soil Resources……………………………………………………………………………… 6-50
- Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-53
  - Management Plans………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-53
  - Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………………………………. 6-54
- Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-61
  - Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………….. 6-62
  - Predicted Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 6-63
    - Change to Geology and Geochemistry………………………………………….. 6-63
    - Alteration of Topography and Terrain……………………………………………. 6-64
    - Change to Soil Quality………………………………………………………………. 6-64
    - Loss of Soil Resources……………………………………………………………… 6-65
  - Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-65
- Determination of Significance……………………………………………………………………………………. 6-67
- Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-70
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment…………………………………………………………………….. 6-70
- Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed……………………. 6-71
- Follow-Up and Monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-71
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-72

7. Assessment of Effects on Surface Water Resources……………………………………………………………… 7-5

Scope of the Assessment………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-5
- Regulatory and Policy Setting………………………………………………………………………. 7-5
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………….. 7-9
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…… 7-17
- Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………….. 7-21
- Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………… 7-23
  - Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………… 7-23

Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 7-23
- Identification of Project Interactions with Surface Water Resources……………………… 7-25
- Existing Conditions…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7-27
  - Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-27
    - Desktop Review of Background Information…………………………………… 7-29
    - Surface Water Quantity…………………………………………………………….. 7-29
      - Peak Discharge………………………………………………………. 7-29
      - Waterbody Crossing Hydraulics and High-Water Level…….. 7-31
    - Surface Water Quality………………………………………………………………. 7-31
      - Sampling Locations………………………………………………….. 7-31
      - Sampling Parameters……………………………………………….. 7-32
    - Sediment Quality……………………………………………………………………… 7-33
      - Sampling Locations………………………………………………….. 7-33
      - Sampling Parameters……………………………………………….. 7-33
  - Results………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-34
    - Surface Water Quantity…………………………………………………………….. 7-34
      - Peak Discharge………………………………………………………. 7-34
      - Waterbody Crossing Hydraulics and High-Water Level…….. 7-35
    - Surface Water Quality………………………………………………………………. 7-35
    - Sediment Quality……………………………………………………………………… 7-44
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators……………………………………………… 7-44
  - Change in Surface Water Quantity………………………………………………………………. 7-45
  - Change in Surface Water Quality………………………………………………………………… 7-46
  - Change in Sediment Quality……………………………………………………………………….. 7-47
- Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-51
  - Dewatering, Water Takings, and Discharges………………………………………………….. 7-51
  - Vegetation Clearing and Grubbing……………………………………………………………….. 7-52
  - Installation of Culverts and Bridges………………………………………………………………. 7-52
  - Permanent Waterbody Crossings………………………………………………………………… 7-53
  - Roadway Drainage Design………………………………………………………………………… 7-53
  - Accidental Spills and Leaks………………………………………………………………………… 7-53
  - Blasting of Rock………………………………………………………………………………………. 7-54
  - Construction and Maintenance Activities……………………………………………………….. 7-54
  - Disposal of Waste……………………………………………………………………………………. 7-54
  - Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7-55
- Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-67
  - Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………….. 7-69
  - Predicted Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 7-69

Change in Surface Water Quantity………………………………………………. 7-70
- Short-term water takings…………………………………………… 7-70
  - Short-term discharges of construction water, wastewater, or wash water…………………………………………………………. 7-70
  - Land cover changes resulting in changes to infiltration and runoff rates and volumes…………………………………….. 7-70
  - Installation of waterbody crossing structures leading to temporary changes to discharge rates upstream or

downstream of waterbody crossings……………………………. 7-71

Permanent waterbody crossings leading to changes in local hydraulics (flow depth/water level and velocity)………. 7-71
- Road maintenance resulting in changes to overland runoff drainage patterns……………………………………………………. 7-71
- Change in Surface Water Quality………………………………………………… 7-72
  - Short-term discharges of construction water, wastewater,

or wash water…………………………………………………………. 7-72

Blasting activities releasing chemical constituents into nearby waterbodies…………………………………………………. 7-72
- Road maintenance activities leading to the deposition of sediment into waterbodies………………………………………… 7-72
- Change in Sediment Quality………………………………………………………. 7-73
  - Short-term discharges of construction water, wastewater,

or wash water runoff………………………………………………… 7-73

Blasting activities releasing chemical constituents into nearby waterbodies…………………………………………………. 7-73
- Road maintenance activities leading to the deposition of sediment into waterbodies………………………………………… 7-73
- Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7-73
- Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………… 7-77
  - Surface Water Quantity…………………………………………………………………………….. 7-78
  - Surface Water Quality………………………………………………………………………………. 7-78
  - Sediment Quality…………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-78
- Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-78
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment……………………………………………………………………. 7-79
- Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed…………………… 7-80
- Follow-Up and Monitoring………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-80
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-81

8 Assessment of Effects on Groundwater Resources……………………………………………………………….. 8-5

Scope of the Assessment………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-5
- Regulatory and Policy Setting………………………………………………………………………. 8-5
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities…………………….. 8-8
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…… 8-12
- Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………….. 8-16
- Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………… 8-16
  - Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………… 8-16
  - Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 8-17
- Identification of Project Interactions with Groundwater Resources……………………….. 8-19
- Existing Conditions…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-21
  - Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-21
    - Documents Reviewed During the Desktop Study…………………………….. 8-21
    - Summary of Field Work Programs……………………………………………….. 8-22
  - Results………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-23
    - Geological and Hydrogeological Settings………………………………………. 8-23
    - Groundwater Quantity………………………………………………………………. 8-23
    - Groundwater Quality………………………………………………………………… 8-24
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators……………………………………………… 8-24
  - Vegetation Clearing and Grubbing……………………………………………………………….. 8-25
  - Site Grading / Ground Hardening………………………………………………………………… 8-26
    - Water Balance Analysis – Methodology………………………………………… 8-26
    - Water Balance Analysis – Results……………………………………………….. 8-28
  - Blasting of Rocks…………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-31
  - Extraction, Cut, Excavation, Stockpiling and Backfilling…………………………………….. 8-32
  - Dewatering / Pumping………………………………………………………………………………. 8-34
    - Dewatering for Structure Foundations…………………………………………… 8-35
    - Dewatering at Aggregate Sites……………………………………………………. 8-36
    - Water Supply Wells………………………………………………………………….. 8-41
  - Road Construction……………………………………………………………………………………. 8-42
  - Disposal of Wastes………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-43
  - Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-43
- Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-45
  - Vegetation Clearing and Grubbing……………………………………………………………….. 8-45
  - Site Grading/Ground Hardening………………………………………………………………….. 8-46
  - Blasting of Rock………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-46
  - Extraction, Cut, Excavation, Stockpiling and Backfilling…………………………………….. 8-46
  - Dewatering / Pumping………………………………………………………………………………. 8-47

Road Construction…………………………………………………………………………………… 8-48
- Disposal of Wastes…………………………………………………………………………………. 8-48
- Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-49
- Characterization of Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………………. 8-53
  - Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment………………. 8-54
  - Predicted Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 8-54
    - Change in Groundwater Quantity………………………………………………… 8-55
      - Increase of Groundwater Levels due to Vegetation Clearing and Grubbing……………………………………………… 8-55
      - Reduction in Recharge and Lowering of Groundwater Levels due to Site Grading/Ground Hardening……………….. 8-55
      - Alteration of Groundwater Flow Directions and Pathways and Lowering of Groundwater Levels due to Blasting of Rocks…………………………………………………………………… 8-56
      - Alteration of Groundwater Flow Directions and Pathways and Lowering of Groundwater Levels due to Extraction, Cut, Excavation, and Backfilling…………………………………. 8-56
      - Lowering of Groundwater Levels due to Dewatering/Pumping8-56
      - Alteration of Groundwater Level and Flow Direction due to Road Construction………………………………………………….. 8-57
    - Change in Groundwater Quality………………………………………………….. 8-57
      - Alteration of Groundwater Quality due to Blasting of Rocks .8-57
  - Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-57
- Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………… 8-60
- Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-63
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment……………………………………………………………………. 8-63
- Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed…………………… 8-64
- Follow-Up and Monitoring………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-64
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8-65

9 Assessment of Effects on Atmospheric Environment…………………………………………………………….. 9-7

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-7
- Regulatory and Policy Setting……………………………………………………………………… 9-7
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 9-13
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information….. 9-24
- Valued Component and Indicators………………………………………………………………. 9-29
  - Air Quality Basics……………………………………………………………………. 9-29
    - Air Contaminants of Interest………………………………………. 9-29
    - Relevant Air Quality Criteria and Standards…………………… 9-29

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Basics…………………………………………….. 9-31
- Greenhouse Gases of Interest……………………………………. 9-31
  - Emission Factors Considered in the GHG Emissions Assessment…………………………………………………………… 9-31
- Noise and Vibration Basics……………………………………………………….. 9-32
  - Noise……………………………………………………………………. 9-32
  - Vibration……………………………………………………………….. 9-36
- Lighting Basics……………………………………………………………………….. 9-36
- Indicators………………………………………………………………………………. 9-36
- Spatial and Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 9-38
  - Spatial Boundaries………………………………………………………………….. 9-38
  - Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 9-39
- Identification of Project Interactions with Atmospheric Environment…………………….. 9-43
- Existing Conditions………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-45
  - Methods……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-46
    - Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………… 9-46
    - Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)………………………………………………………. 9-49
    - Noise and Vibration…………………………………………………………………. 9-49
      - Measurements of Background Ambient Sound Levels…….. 9-49
      - Identification of Noise Sensitive Areas…………………………. 9-51
      - Background Sound Levels………………………………………… 9-51
    - Vibration……………………………………………………………………………….. 9-52
    - Lighting………………………………………………………………………………… 9-52
  - Results…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-52
    - Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………… 9-52
    - Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)………………………………………………………. 9-56
    - Noise……………………………………………………………………………………. 9-59
      - Noise Monitoring Results………………………………………….. 9-59
      - Identification of Noise Sensitive Areas…………………………. 9-60
      - Summary of Background Sound Levels Adopted for the Assessment…………………………………………………………… 9-60
    - Vibration……………………………………………………………………………….. 9-61
    - Lighting………………………………………………………………………………… 9-61
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators……………………………………………… 9-62
  - Change in Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………….. 9-62
    - Air Dispersion Modelling Approach……………………………………………… 9-63
      - Air Contaminants…………………………………………………….. 9-63
      - Modelling Domain and Sensitive Receptors…………………… 9-63

Construction Phase………………………………………………………………….. 9-64
- Considered Emission Sources for Air Dispersion Modelling .9-64
  - Emission Parameters Summary………………………………….. 9-64
  - Air Dispersion Modelling Results – Construction Phase……. 9-65
  - Eastern Section of the WSR………………………………………. 9-67
- Operation Phase……………………………………………………………………… 9-74
  - Considered Emission Sources for Air Dispersion Modelling .9-74
  - Emission Parameters Summary………………………………….. 9-74
  - Air Dispersion Modelling Results – Operation Phase………… 9-75
  - Eastern Section of the WSR………………………………………. 9-77
- Change in GHGs……………………………………………………………………………………… 9-81
  - Construction Phase………………………………………………………………….. 9-82
    - GHG Emission Sources During Construction Phase………… 9-82
    - GHG Emissions Calculations for the Construction Phase….. 9-82
    - GHG Emissions Results for the Construction Phase………… 9-83
  - Operation Phase……………………………………………………………………… 9-84
    - GHG Emission Sources During Operation Phase……………. 9-84
    - GHG Emissions Calculations for the Operation Phase……… 9-84
    - GHG Emissions Results for the Operation Phase……………. 9-84
- Change in Sound Levels……………………………………………………………………………. 9-85
  - Increased Noise During Construction Phase………………………………….. 9-85
    - Construction Noise Effects – Blasting…………………………… 9-85
    - Construction Noise Effects – Aggregate Extraction Sites…… 9-86
    - Construction Noise Effects – General Construction Activities9-92
  - Increased Noise During Operation Phase………………………………………. 9-96
    - Applicable Noise Guidelines………………………………………. 9-96
    - Road Traffic Data…………………………………………………….. 9-98
    - Noise Modelling Methods………………………………………….. 9-98
    - Operational Noise Modelling Results……………………………. 9-99
- Change in Vibration Levels………………………………………………………………………. 9-100
  - Construction Vibration Effects – Blasting……………………………………… 9-101
  - Construction Vibration Effects – General Construction Activities……….. 9-102
- Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-105
  - Air Quality…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-105
  - GHGs………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-106
  - Noise and Vibration………………………………………………………………………………… 9-107
- Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 9-110
  - Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………… 9-112

Predicted Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………….. 9-113
- Change in Air Quality……………………………………………………………… 9-113
  - Change in Air Quality During Construction Phase………….. 9-113
  - Change in Air Quality During Operation Phase……………… 9-116
- Change in GHGs…………………………………………………………………… 9-118
  - Change in GHGs During Construction Phase……………….. 9-118
  - Change in GHGs During Operation Phase…………………… 9-118
  - Effects of the Project on Canada’s Carbon Footprint and Carbon Sinks……………………………………………………….. 9-119
- Change in Sound Levels…………………………………………………………. 9-119
  - Change in Sound Levels due to Aggregate Extraction Operations During Construction Phase……………………….. 9-119
  - Change in Sound Levels due to General Construction

Activities During Construction Phase………………………….. 9-120

Change in Sound Levels due to Vehicle Use of the

Proposed Road During Operation Phase…………………….. 9-120

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-120
- Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 9-122
  - Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-122
  - Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)…………………………………………………………………….. 9-122
  - Noise………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-122
- Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-123
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………………….. 9-124
  - Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-124
  - Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)…………………………………………………………………….. 9-124
  - Noise and Vibration……………………………………………………………………………….. 9-124
- Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed…………………. 9-125
- Climate Change Resilience…………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-125
- Follow-Up and Monitoring………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-126
  - Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-126
  - Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)…………………………………………………………………….. 9-126
  - Noise and Vibration……………………………………………………………………………….. 9-126
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-127

10. Assessment of Effects on Fish and Fish Habitat………………………………………………………………….. 10-6

Scope of the Assessment………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-6
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting……………………………………………………………………. 10-6
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 10-9
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information… 10-17

Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………… 10-24
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 10-26
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………. 10-26
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 10-26
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Fish and Fish Habitat…………………………. 10-28
1. Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10-31
  1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-31
    1. Desktop Review of Background Information…………………………………. 10-31
    1. Field Surveys………………………………………………………………………… 10-31
      1. Fish Habitat and Fish Community Surveys…………………… 10-32
      1. Spawning Surveys…………………………………………………. 10-35
      1. Benthic Invertebrate Surveys……………………………………. 10-35
      1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) Sampling………………………… 10-36
    1. Species at Risk……………………………………………………………………… 10-36
  1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-37
    1. Fish Habitat and Fish Community Surveys…………………… 10-37
    1. Spawning Surveys…………………………………………………. 10-46
    1. Benthic Invertebrate Surveys……………………………………. 10-46
    1. Environmental DNA (eDNA) Sampling………………………… 10-46
1. Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators…………………………………………….. 10-46
  1. Changes to Quantity and Quality of Fish Habitat……………………………………………. 10-46
    1. Destruction/Loss of Fish Habitat………………………………………………… 10-47
    1. Harmful Alteration and Disruption of Fish Habitat…………………………… 10-49
    1. Changes in Fish Access to Habitats……………………………………………. 10-52
  1. Changes to Fish Populations…………………………………………………………………….. 10-54
    1. Injury/Death of Fish………………………………………………………………… 10-54
    1. Change in Public Access to Fish/Fish Habitat……………………………….. 10-55
1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures……………………………………………………………………… 10-61
  1. Changes to Quantity and Quality of Fish Habitat……………………………………………. 10-62
    1. Destruction/Loss of Fish Habitat………………………………………………… 10-62
      1. General Avoidance Measures and Project Planning

and Design…………………………………………………………… 10-62

Habitat Offsetting and Enhancement………………………….. 10-63
1. Harmful Alteration and Disruption of Fish Habitat…………………………… 10-64
  1. Temporary Watercourse Crossings……………………………. 10-64
  1. Project Planning and Design…………………………………….. 10-64
  1. Vegetation Clearing………………………………………………… 10-65
  1. Storage and Handling of Materials……………………………… 10-66
  1. Erosion and Sediment Control…………………………………… 10-66

Spill Prevention and Response………………………………….. 10-67
1. Dewatering Activities………………………………………………. 10-68
  1. Air Contaminants and Dust Emissions………………………… 10-69
1. Change in Fish Access to Habitats…………………………………………….. 10-69
  1. Project Planning and Design…………………………………….. 10-69
  1. Culvert Maintenance and Monitoring…………………………… 10-70
1. Changes to Fish Populations…………………………………………………………………….. 10-70
  1. Injury/Death of Fish………………………………………………………………… 10-71
    1. Blasting Restrictions……………………………………………….. 10-71
    1. Restricted Activity Periods / Timing Windows……………….. 10-71
    1. Work Isolation and Fish Rescue………………………………… 10-72
  1. Changes to Public Access to Fish Habitats………………………………….. 10-72
    1. Project Planning and Design…………………………………….. 10-72
    1. Employee Wildlife Orientations and Restrictions……………. 10-72
    1. Public Access Restrictions……………………………………….. 10-73
1. Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 10-96
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………… 10-97
  1. Predicted Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 10-98
    1. Changes to Quantity and Quality of Fish Habitat……………………………. 10-98
      1. Destruction/Loss of Fish Habitat………………………………… 10-98
      1. Harmful Alteration and Disruption of Fish Habitat…………. 10-100
      1. Fish Access to Habitats…………………………………………. 10-103
    1. Changes to Fish Populations…………………………………………………… 10-105
      1. Injury/Death of Fish………………………………………………. 10-105
      1. Changes in Public Access to Fish Habitats…………………. 10-107
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-109
1. Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 10-111
  1. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10-111
  1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-112
    1. Destruction/Loss of Fish Habitat………………………………………………. 10-115
    1. Harmful Alteration and Disruption of Fish Habitat…………………………. 10-115
    1. Change to Fish Access to Habitats……………………………………………. 10-115
    1. Injury/Death of Fish……………………………………………………………….. 10-115
    1. Change in Public Access to Fish Habitat……………………………………. 10-116
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-116
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-116
1. Prediction Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………………….. 10-117
1. Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed………………… 10-117

Follow-up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………… 10-117
1. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-119

11. Assessment of Effects on Vegetation and Wetlands – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

12. Assessment of Effects on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

13. Assessment of Effects on Species at Risk – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

14. Assessment of Effects on Social Environment…………………………………………………………………….. 14-8

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-8
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 14-8
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 14-12
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…. 14-19
1. Value Components and Indicators……………………………………………………………… 14-20
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 14-22
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………. 14-23
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 14-24
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Social Environment……………………………. 14-26
1. Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14-31
  1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-31
    1. Engagement and Consultation………………………………………………….. 14-31
      1. Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use

and Data Validation………………………………………………… 14-32

Collection and Analysis of Baseline Information…………………………….. 14-32
1. Secondary Data Collection……………………………………….. 14-33
  1. Primary Data Collection…………………………………………… 14-33
1. Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+)………………………………………….. 14-34
  1. GBA+ Data Validation Session………………………………….. 14-34
1. Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use (IKLRU)………….. 14-34
1. Summary of Data Sources……………………………………………………….. 14-35
1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-37
  1. Population and Demographics…………………………………………………… 14-37
  1. Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………………………… 14-46
  1. Community Services………………………………………………………………. 14-52
  1. Education, Training and Traditional Learning………………………………… 14-67
  1. Emergency and Protective Services…………………………………………… 14-86
  1. Community Infrastructure…………………………………………………………. 14-90
  1. Community Well-Being and Safety…………………………………………….. 14-97

Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators……………………………………………. 14-106
1. Change to Population and Demographics…………………………………………………… 14-113
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-114
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-117
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-118
1. Change to Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………………………… 14-119
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-120
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-123
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-124
1. Change to Community Services………………………………………………………………. 14-124
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-125
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-127
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-127
1. Change to Education, Training, and Traditional Learning……………………………….. 14-128
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-128
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-130
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-132
1. Change to Emergency and Protective Services…………………………………………… 14-133
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-133
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-135
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-135
1. Change to Community Infrastructure…………………………………………………………. 14-135
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-136
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-137
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-138
1. Change to Community Well-Being and Safety…………………………………………….. 14-138
  1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 14-139
  1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………. 14-147
  1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 14-147
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-148
1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures……………………………………………………………………. 14-149
  1. Change to Population and Demographics…………………………………………………… 14-149
  1. Change to Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………………………… 14-150
  1. Change to Community Services………………………………………………………………. 14-150
  1. Change to Education, Training, and Traditional Learning Programming and

Facility Space……………………………………………………………………………………… 14-151

Change to Emergency and Protective Services…………………………………………… 14-153
1. Change to Community Infrastructure…………………………………………………………. 14-155

Change to Community Well-Being and Safety……………………………………………… 14-156
1. Community Cohesion……………………………………………………………. 14-156
1. Community Safety………………………………………………………………… 14-158
1. Traffic Safety……………………………………………………………………….. 14-159
1. Community Well-Being and Quality of Life………………………………….. 14-159
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-160
1. Characterization of Net Effects……………………………………………………………………………….. 14-167
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………. 14-169
    1. Change to Population and Demographics…………………………………… 14-169
    1. Change to Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………… 14-169
    1. Change to Community Services………………………………………………. 14-169
    1. Change to Education, Training and Traditional Learning………………… 14-169
    1. Change to Emergency and Protective Services…………………………… 14-170
    1. Change to Community Infrastructure…………………………………………. 14-170
    1. Change to Community Well-Being and Safety…………………………….. 14-170
  1. Predicted Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………….. 14-170
    1. Change to Population and Demographics…………………………………… 14-171
    1. Change to Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………… 14-172
    1. Change to Community Services………………………………………………. 14-173
    1. Change to Education, Training and Traditional Learning………………… 14-174
      1. Education and Training Attainment…………………………… 14-174
      1. Availability of Education and Training Programming

and Facility Space………………………………………………… 14-175

Traditional Learning Programming……………………………. 14-176
1. Change to Emergency and Protective Services……………………………. 14-177
1. Change to Community Infrastructure…………………………………………. 14-178
1. Change to Community Well-Being and Safety……………………………… 14-180
  1. Change in Community Cohesion……………………………… 14-180
  1. Change in Community Safety………………………………….. 14-181
  1. Change in Traffic Safety…………………………………………. 14-182
  1. Change in Community Well-Being and Quality of Life……. 14-183
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-184
1. Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 14-186
  1. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………….. 14-186
  1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-186
    1. Population and Demographics…………………………………………………. 14-188
    1. Housing and Temporary Accommodations…………………………………. 14-188
    1. Education, Training and Traditional Learning………………………………. 14-188
    1. Community Services……………………………………………………………… 14-190

Emergency and protective services…………………………………………… 14-191
1. Community Infrastructure……………………………………………………….. 14-191
1. Community Well-Being and Safety……………………………………………. 14-192
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-194
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-194
1. Prediction Confidence in the Assessment…………………………………………………………………. 14-195
1. Predicted Future Condition of the Social Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed……….. 14-196
1. Follow-Up and Monitoring Programs………………………………………………………………………… 14-198
1. References……………………………………………………………………….. Error! Bookmark not defined.

15. Assessment of Effects on Economic Environment……………………………………………………………….. 15-8

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-8
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 15-8
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 15-13
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…. 15-20
1. Value Components and Indicators……………………………………………………………… 15-25
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 15-28
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………. 15-28
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 15-29
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Economic Environment……………………….. 15-31
1. Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-34
  1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-34
    1. Engagement and Consultation………………………………………………….. 15-34
      1. Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use

(IKLRU) and Data Validation…………………………………….. 15-35

Collection and Analysis of Baseline Information…………………………….. 15-35
1. Secondary Data Collection……………………………………….. 15-36
  1. Primary Data Collection…………………………………………… 15-36
  1. Effects Assessment Methods……………………………………. 15-37
1. Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+)………………………………………….. 15-38
  1. GBA+ Data Validation Session………………………………….. 15-39
1. Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use (IKLRU)………….. 15-39
1. Summary of Data Sources……………………………………………………….. 15-40
1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15-42
  1. Labour Force, Employment and Income………………………………………. 15-42
    1. Labour Force Participation……………………………………….. 15-42
    1. Labour Income………………………………………………………. 15-52

Overall Economy……………………………………………………………………. 15-54
1. Cost of Living………………………………………………………… 15-55
  1. Economic Development…………………………………………… 15-64
  1. Traditional Indigenous Economy………………………………… 15-72
  1. Gross Domestic Product………………………………………….. 15-75
1. Business Environment…………………………………………………………….. 15-75
  1. Main Employers…………………………………………………….. 15-75
  1. Local Economy……………………………………………………… 15-78
  1. Mining, Aggregate and Forestry Activity………………………. 15-80
1. Public and Indigenous Community Finances………………………………… 15-83
1. Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators…………………………………………….. 15-84
  1. Change to Labour Force, Employment and Income……………………………………….. 15-92
    1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………….. 15-92
    1. Local Study Area: Other Communities………………………………………… 15-97
    1. Regional Study Area………………………………………………………………. 15-99
  1. Change to Overall Economy……………………………………………………………………. 15-106
    1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 15-108
    1. Local Study Area: Other Communities……………………………………….. 15-114
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 15-120
  1. Change to Business Environment…………………………………………………………….. 15-125
    1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 15-126
    1. Local Study Area: Other Communities……………………………………….. 15-128
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 15-132
  1. Change to Public and Indigenous Community Finance………………………………….. 15-134
    1. Local Study Area: Webequie First Nation…………………………………… 15-135
    1. Local Study Area: Other Communities……………………………………….. 15-135
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 15-135
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-139
1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures……………………………………………………………………. 15-139
  1. Labour Force, Employment, and Income……………………………………………………. 15-140
  1. Overall Economy………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-141
    1. Traditional Economy……………………………………………………………… 15-141
    1. Capacity for Other Projects…………………………………………………….. 15-142
  1. Business Environment…………………………………………………………………………… 15-142
  1. Public and Indigenous Community Finances……………………………………………….. 15-143
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-149
1. Characterization of Net Effects……………………………………………………………………………….. 15-151
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………. 15-152
  1. Predicted Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………….. 15-154

Changes to the Labour Force, Employment and Income………………… 15-154
1. Change in the Overall Economy……………………………………………….. 15-155
1. Changes in the Business Environment………………………………………. 15-157
1. Changes in the Public and Indigenous Community Finances…………… 15-158
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-160
1. Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 15-161
  1. Adverse Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 15-161
  1. Positive Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 15-162
    1. Labour Force, Employment and Income…………………………………….. 15-162
    1. Overall Economy………………………………………………………………….. 15-162
    1. Business Environment…………………………………………………………… 15-162
    1. Public and Indigenous Community Finance………………………………… 15-162
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-162
1. Prediction Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………………….. 15-163
  1. Assumptions……………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-163
  1. Gaps and Uncertainties………………………………………………………………………….. 15-163
1. Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed………………… 15-164
1. Follow-Up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………… 15-164
1. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15-165

16. Assessment of Effects on Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use………………………………………… 16-6

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-7
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 16-7
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 16-10
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…. 16-12
1. Valued Components and Indicators……………………………………………………………. 16-14
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 16-16
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………. 16-16
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 16-18
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Non-Traditional Land and

Resource Use……………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-18

Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-23
1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-23
  1. Engagement and Consultation………………………………………………….. 16-23
  1. Collection and Analysis of Baseline Information…………………………….. 16-23
  1. Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+)………………………………………….. 16-25
  1. Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use (IKLRU)………….. 16-25
  1. Summary of Data Sources……………………………………………………….. 16-26

Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16-27
1. Land Use Context………………………………………………………………….. 16-27
1. Land Use Planning and Stewardship………………………………………….. 16-35
1. Commercial and Industrial Land Use………………………………………….. 16-59
1. Recreation……………………………………………………………………………. 16-80
1. Tourism……………………………………………………………………………….. 16-92
1. Provincial and Federal Parks, Ontario Areas of Natural and

Scientific Interest and Other Protected Areas……………………………….. 16-99

Transportation……………………………………………………………………… 16-103
1. Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators……………………………………………. 16-114
  1. Change to Land Use Compatibility and Stewardship……………………………………… 16-120
    1. Local Study Area………………………………………………………………….. 16-120
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 16-128
  1. Change to Commercial/Industrial Land Use………………………………………………… 16-132
    1. Local Study Area………………………………………………………………….. 16-132
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 16-135
  1. Change to Recreation and Tourism………………………………………………………….. 16-136
    1. Local Study Area………………………………………………………………….. 16-137
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 16-143
  1. Change to Transportation……………………………………………………………………….. 16-147
    1. Local Study Area………………………………………………………………….. 16-148
    1. Regional Study Area……………………………………………………………… 16-151
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-153
1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures……………………………………………………………………. 16-154
  1. Changes to Land Use Planning and Stewardship…………………………………………. 16-154
  1. Change to Commercial/Industrial Activities…………………………………………………. 16-157
  1. Changes to Recreation and Tourism…………………………………………………………. 16-160
  1. Change to Transportation……………………………………………………………………….. 16-164
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-168
1. Characterization of Net Effects……………………………………………………………………………….. 16-171
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………. 16-173
    1. Changes to Land Use Planning and Stewardship…………………………. 16-173
    1. Changes to Commercial/Industrial Activities………………………………… 16-173
    1. Changes to Recreation and Tourism…………………………………………. 16-173
    1. Changes to Transportation……………………………………………………… 16-174
  1. Predicted Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………….. 16-174
    1. Changes to Recreation and Tourism…………………………………………. 16-175
    1. Changes to Transportation……………………………………………………… 16-176
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-178

Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 16-180
1. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-180
1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-181
  1. Recreation and Tourism…………………………………………………………. 16-183
  1. Transportation……………………………………………………………………… 16-183
1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-183
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-183
1. Prediction of Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………………. 16-184
1. Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed………………… 16-185
1. Follow-Up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………… 16-186
1. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16-189

17 Assessment of Effects on Human Health…………………………………………………………………………….. 17-5

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 17-5
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 17-5
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities……………………. 17-8
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Human Health Information……………… 17-13
1. Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………… 17-13
  1. What ‘Health’ Means to Webequie First Nation……………………………… 17-13
  1. Indicators……………………………………………………………………………… 17-14
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries………………………………………………………………. 17-18
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………. 17-18
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 17-19
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Human Health………………………………….. 17-20
1. Existing Conditions – Baseline Community Health Profile………………………………………………. 17-24
  1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17-24
  1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17-25
    1. Socio-Demographic Profile………………………………………………………. 17-25
    1. Education…………………………………………………………………………….. 17-25
    1. Income………………………………………………………………………………… 17-25
    1. Employment…………………………………………………………………………. 17-25
    1. Housing……………………………………………………………………………….. 17-26
    1. Services Provided by Webequie First Nation………………………………… 17-26
    1. Health Status and Resources……………………………………………………. 17-26
    1. Spiritual and Cultural Well-Being: Practicing Ceremonies………………… 17-26
    1. Wellness, Food Security and Healthy Habits………………………………… 17-26
    1. Racism and Violence………………………………………………………………. 17-26
    1. Transportation……………………………………………………………………….. 17-27

Community History…………………………………………………………………. 17-27
1. Population Groups Who Maybe Disproportionately Impacted –

a GBA Plus Summary of Baseline Conditions……………………………….. 17-27

Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators…………………………………………….. 17-34
1. Assessment Approach…………………………………………………………………………….. 17-34
1. Structural / Level 3 Determinants of Health………………………………………………….. 17-45
  1. Colonization and Trauma from Residential Schools……………………….. 17-45
  1. Racism and Social Exclusion……………………………………………………. 17-46
  1. Local Economic Growth…………………………………………………………… 17-47
  1. Self-Determination and Governance…………………………………………… 17-48
  1. Worker Accommodations…………………………………………………………. 17-50
1. Intermediate / Level 2 Determinants of Health………………………………………………. 17-51
  1. Air Quality and GHG Emissions…………………………………………………. 17-52
  1. Noise Levels and Vibration………………………………………………………. 17-53
  1. Surface Water Quality…………………………………………………………….. 17-55
  1. Light Pollution and Visual Impact……………………………………………….. 17-57
  1. Housing……………………………………………………………………………….. 17-59
  1. Employment and Income…………………………………………………………. 17-61
  1. Education / Access to Education……………………………………………….. 17-63
  1. Food Security……………………………………………………………………….. 17-65
  1. Social Cohesion and Cultural Continuity………………………………………. 17-68
  1. Safety of Women and Girls………………………………………………………. 17-69
  1. Traffic Volume and Safety………………………………………………………… 17-70
  1. Access to Healthcare Services………………………………………………….. 17-71
  1. Access to Social, Mental Health and Family Services……………………… 17-72
  1. Access to Transportation Services……………………………………………… 17-73
  1. Access to Emergency Response Services…………………………………… 17-75
  1. Childhood Development…………………………………………………………… 17-76
1. Proximal / Level 1 Determinants of Health……………………………………………………. 17-77
  1. Mental Wellness…………………………………………………………………….. 17-77
  1. Substance Use……………………………………………………………………… 17-80
  1. Diet…………………………………………………………………………………….. 17-82
1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures……………………………………………………………………… 17-85
1. Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 17-99
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………. 17-101
  1. Predicted Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………….. 17-102
    1. Structural / Level 3 Determinants of Health…………………………………. 17-102
    1. Intermediate / Level 2 Determinants of Health……………………………… 17-105
    1. Proximal / Level 1 Determinants of Health………………………………….. 17-110
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 17-111

Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 17-114
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17-114
1. Prediction Confidence in the Assessment………………………………………………………………….. 17-115
1. Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed………………… 17-117
1. Follow-up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………… 17-117
1. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17-121

18 Assessment of Effects on Visual Environment…………………………………………………………………….. 18-4

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 18-4
1. Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 18-4
1. Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities……………………. 18-5
1. Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…… 18-5
1. Valued Component and Indicators……………………………………………………………….. 18-6
1. Spatial and Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 18-7
  1. Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………… 18-7
  1. Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 18-7
1. Identification of Project Interactions with Visual Environment……………………………. 18-10
1. Existing Conditions……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18-11
  1. Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18-11
    1. Information Sources……………………………………………………………….. 18-11
    1. Visibility Analysis……………………………………………………………………. 18-12
    1. Identification of Viewsheds from Receptors………………………………….. 18-12
  1. Results………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18-12
    1. Landscape Characteristics……………………………………………………….. 18-12
    1. Viewsheds and Receptors……………………………………………………….. 18-13
1. Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators……………………………………………. 18-16
  1. Dimensional Visualizations……………………………………………………………………….. 18-17
  1. Scenic Quality, Viewer Sensitivity and Distance Ratings………………………………….. 18-21
  1. Project Visibility/Prominence…………………………………………………………………….. 18-22
1. Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18-25
1. Characterization of Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………… 18-27
  1. Potential Effect Pathways Not Carried Through for Further Assessment……………… 18-28
  1. Predicted Net Effects………………………………………………………………………………. 18-28
    1. Change to Visual Landscape Quality During Operations………………….. 18-28
  1. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………… 18-29
1. Determination of Significance………………………………………………………………………………….. 18-31
1. Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18-31
1. Prediction Confidence in the Assessment…………………………………………………………………… 18-32

Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed…………………. 18-32
1. Follow-Up and Monitoring………………………………………………………………………………………. 18-32
1. References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18-32

19 Assessment of Effects of the Project on Indigenous Peoples and Impacts to the Exercise of Aboriginal and Treaty Rights – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

20 Assessment of Effects on Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources…………………………….. 20-4

Scope of the Assessment………………………………………………………………………………………… 20-4
- Regulatory and Policy Setting……………………………………………………………………. 20-4
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities………………….. 20-7
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information….. 20-9
- Valued Component and Indicators…………………………………………………………….. 20-13
- Spatial and Temporal Boundaries……………………………………………………………… 20-14
  - Spatial Boundaries………………………………………………………………… 20-14
  - Temporal Boundaries…………………………………………………………….. 20-14
- Identification of Project Interactions with Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources…………………………………………………………………………………………… 20-16
- Existing Conditions………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20-18
  - Methods……………………………………………………………………………………………… 20-18
    - Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes…………… 20-18
    - Archaeological Sites and Resources………………………………………….. 20-19
      - Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment………………………….. 20-20
      - Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment………………………….. 20-20
  - Results……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-21
    - Built Heritage Resources…………………………………………………………. 20-21
    - Cultural Heritage Landscapes………………………………………………….. 20-21
    - Archaeological Resources……………………………………………………….. 20-23
- Identification of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators…………………………………………… 20-25
  - Change to Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes…………….. 20-25
  - Change to Archaeological Resources………………………………………………………… 20-27
- Mitigation Measures……………………………………………………………………………………………… 20-30
  - Built Heritage Resources and Cultural Heritage Landscapes…………………………… 20-30
  - Archaeological Resources……………………………………………………………………….. 20-31
- Characterization of Net Effects……………………………………………………………………………….. 20-35
- Determination of Significance…………………………………………………………………………………. 20-35
- Cumulative Effects………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20-35

Prediction Confidence in the Assessment…………………………………………………………………… 20-35
- Predicted Future Condition of the Environment if the Project Does Not Proceed………………….. 20-35
- Follow-Up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-35
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20-36

21. Cummulative Effects Assessment – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

22. Follow-up and Monitoring Programs – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

23. Accidents and Malfunctions……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23-3

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23-3
- Scope of Assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23-4
  - Regulatory and Policy Setting…………………………………………………………………….. 23-4
  - Consideration and Influence of Input Received During Engagement and

Consultation Activities………………………………………………………………………………. 23-6

Valued Components…………………………………………………………………………………. 23-7
- Assessment Approach…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23-7
  - Description of Accidents and Malfunctions…………………………………………………….. 23-8
  - Temporal and Spatial Boundaries……………………………………………………………….. 23-8
  - Identification of Potential Effects and Pathways………………………………………………. 23-8
  - Risk Evaluation – Likelihood and Consequences…………………………………………….. 23-9
- Description of Accident and Malfunctions and Mitigation Commitments……………………………… 23-10
  - Mitigation Commitments for Accident and Malfunctions…………………………………… 23-11
    - Management Planning and Mitigation…………………………………………. 23-17
  - Spills of Hazardous Material……………………………………………………………………… 23-17
  - Fires and Explosions………………………………………………………………………………. 23-18
  - Structural Failure……………………………………………………………………………………. 23-19
  - Vehicle or Equipment Accidents………………………………………………………………… 23-19
- Identification of Potential Effects and Pathways…………………………………………………………… 23-20
  - Accidental Spills of Hazardous Materials……………………………………………………… 23-20
    - Interaction with Valued Components…………………………………………… 23-21
  - Fires and Explosions………………………………………………………………………………. 23-23
    - Interaction with Valued Components…………………………………………… 23-23
  - Structural Failure……………………………………………………………………………………. 23-28
    - Interaction with Valued Components…………………………………………… 23-28
  - Vehicle or Equipment Accidents………………………………………………………………… 23-29
    - Interaction with Valued Components…………………………………………… 23-30

Risk Summary and Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………. 23-31
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23-34

24 Effects of the Environment on the Project…………………………………………………………………………… 24-4

Scope of the Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………. 24-4
- Project Design………………………………………………………………………………………… 24-5
- Climate and Environmental Hazards That May Affect the Project………………………… 24-5
- Consideration of Input from Engagement and Consultation Activities……………………. 24-6
- Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information…… 24-7
- Approach and Methodology……………………………………………………………………….. 24-9
- Spatial Boundaries…………………………………………………………………………………. 24-18
- Climate and Environmental Conditions………………………………………………………………………. 24-19
  - Average Climate Trends………………………………………………………………………….. 24-19
  - Extreme Weather Events…………………………………………………………………………. 24-23
  - Changing Climate Trends………………………………………………………………………… 24-24
  - Hydrology and Hydrogeology……………………………………………………………………. 24-24
  - Terrain and Geotechnical Conditions………………………………………………………….. 24-25
    - Permafrost……………………………………………………………………………. 24-25
    - Erosion………………………………………………………………………………… 24-26
    - Geohazards………………………………………………………………………….. 24-26
  - Vegetation……………………………………………………………………………………………. 24-26
  - Wildfires………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24-26
- Potential Effects and Effect Pathways……………………………………………………………………….. 24-26
  - Damage to Project Components………………………………………………………………… 24-27
  - Delays in the Project Schedule………………………………………………………………….. 24-28
- Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24-30
- Characterization of Net Effects for Effects of the Environment on the Project……………………… 24-31
  - Net Effects Description Criteria………………………………………………………………….. 24-31
  - Damage to Project Components………………………………………………………………… 24-33
  - Delays in the Project Schedule………………………………………………………………….. 24-34
  - Summary of Net Effects…………………………………………………………………………… 24-34
- Significance Determination……………………………………………………………………………………… 24-36
- Prediction Confidence in the Assessment…………………………………………………………………… 24-36
- Follow-up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………….. 24-36
- Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24-37
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24-37

25 Project Effects in the Context of Canada’s Ability to Meet Its Environmental Obligations and

Its Climate Change Commitments……………………………………………………………………………………… 25-4

Federal Environmental Obligations……………………………………………………………………………. 25-4
- Convention on Biological Diversity………………………………………………………………. 25-5
- Amended Recovery Strategy for Woodland Caribou……………………………………….. 25-5
- The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as

Waterfowl Habitat (the Ramsar Convention)………………………………………………….. 25-7

Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds in the United States and Canada….. 25-9
- Commitments in Respect of Climate Change………………………………………………………………. 25-10
  - Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act…………………………………………. 25-10
- Assessment of the Project’s Effects…………………………………………………………………………. 25-10
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25-21

26 Project Contributions to Sustainability………………………………………………………………………………. 26-3

Assessment Considerations…………………………………………………………………………………….. 26-3
- Project Context……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26-4
- Engagement and Consultation………………………………………………………………………………….. 26-5
  - Issues of Importance……………………………………………………………………………….. 26-5
  - Selection of Valued Components………………………………………………………………… 26-6
- Community Plans…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26-7
  - Community-Based Land Use Plan (2019)……………………………………………………… 26-7
  - Webequie Comprehensive Community Plan (2023)…………………………………………. 26-7
  - Webequie Community Readiness Plan…………………………………………………………. 26-8
  - Compatibility of the Plans with Government Initiatives……………………………………… 26-8
- Planning and Design………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26-9
- Evaluation of Alternatives to the Project…………………………………………………………………….. 26-10
- Sustainability Principles…………………………………………………………………………………………. 26-11
  - Principle 1: Interconnectedness and Interdependence of Human-Ecological

Systems……………………………………………………………………………………………… 26-11

Principle 2: Well-Being of Present and Future Generations……………………………… 26-15
- Principle 3: Consider Positive Effects and Reduce Adverse Effects…………………… 26-16
- Principle 4: Precautionary Principle and Consideration of Uncertainty and

Risk of Irreversible Harm…………………………………………………………………………. 26-18

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26-20
- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26-21

In Text Figures

Figure 1.1: Project Location………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-5

Figure 1.2: Project Main Components……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1-6

Figure 1.3: Location of Ring of Fire Area……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1-14

Figure 1.4: Coordinated Webequie-Federal-Provincial EA/IA Process…………………………………………………. 1-20

Figure 2.1: EA/IA Engagement Activities and Milestones………………………………………………………………….. 2-12

Figure 2.2: Webequie First Nation Three-Tier Consultation Approach………………………………………………….. 2-14

Figure 3.1: 200t Cold Weather Heavy Lift Hoverbarge (2009)………………………………………………………………. 3-8

Figure 3.2: Lockheed Martin LMH-1 Hybrid Heavy Lift Airship……………………………………………………………. 3-10

Figure 3.3: Initial Corridor Alternative Concepts Considered by Webequie Community Members……………….. 3-18

Figure 3.4: Preliminary Preferred Corridor – Alternative Corridor 2C……………………………………………………. 3-34

Figure 3.5: Alternative Routes in the Preferred Corridor……………………………………………………………………. 3-35

Figure 3.6: Route Alternatives for Geotechnical Assessment…………………………………………………………….. 3-38

Figure 3.7: Alternative 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-39

Figure 3.8: Alternative 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-40

Figure 3.9: Hypothetical Rasterization used in Pangea…………………………………………………………………….. 3-46

Figure 3.10: Baseline Heat Map of Raster Values for All Indicators………………………………………………………. 3-47

Figure 3.11: Preferred Route Alternative Carried Forward into the Environmental Assessment / Impact Assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-51

Figure 3.12: Locations of Alternate Aggregate Sources……………………………………………………………………… 3-59

Figure 3.13: Locations of Options for Supplying Aggregate………………………………………………………………… 3-64

Figure 3.14: Multi-Factor Score Comparison of Options for Supplying Aggregate…………………………………….. 3-66

Figure 3.15: Road Options for Accessing ARA-4………………………………………………………………………………. 3-67

Figure 3.16: Multi-Factor Score Comparison of Road Options for ARA-4……………………………………………….. 3-68

Figure 3.17: Construction Camp Options……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-69

Figure 3.18: Multi-Factor Score Comparison of Construction Camp Options…………………………………………… 3-70

Figure 4.1: Typical Cross-Section for the Webequie Supply Road………………………………………………………… 4-9

Figure 4.2: Road Foundation in Upland Area…………………………………………………………………………………. 4-10

Figure 4.3: Road Foundation in Lowland Area (Peatlands)………………………………………………………………… 4-11

Figure 4.4: Equalization Culverts in Peatlands……………………………………………………………………………….. 4-12

Figure 4.5: Typical Rest/Maintenance Area – Aerial View………………………………………………………………….. 4-14

Figure 4.6: Typical Maintenance Turnaround Area – Aerial View………………………………………………………… 4-14

Figure 4.7: Typical Composite Bridge Cross-Section……………………………………………………………………….. 4-19

Figure 4.8: Navigational Clearance at Culverts for Small Vessels……………………………………………………….. 4-23

Figure 4.9: Aggregate Resource Area – ARA-2………………………………………………………………………………. 4-26

Figure 4.10: Aggregate Resource Area – ARA-4……………………………………………………………………………….. 4-29

Figure 5.1: Effect Assessment Steps…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5-7

Figure 5.2: Illustration of the Approach for Collection of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5-10

Figure 6.1: Geology, Terrain, and Soils Study Areas……………………………………………………………………….. 6-18

Figure 6.2: Geological Formations within LSA and RSA……………………………………………………………………. 6-24

Figure 6.3: Ontario Geological Survey’s Quaternary Geology in LSA and RSA………………………………………. 6-26

Figure 6.4: Map of Geochemical and Geotechnical Sampling Sites…………………………………………………….. 6-28

Figure 6.5: Northeastern Ontario Seismic Zone………………………………………………………………………………. 6-30

Figure 6.6: Topographic Map of Project Area…………………………………………………………………………………. 6-33

In Text Figures (Cont’d)

Figure 6.7: Surficial Geology……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-34

Figure 6.8: Terrain Mapping………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-35

Figure 6.9: Eskers – Potential Aggregate/Rock Sources…………………………………………………………………… 6-39

Figure 6.10: Soil Order……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-41

Figure 6.11: MECP and JDMA Sampling Locations for Peat and Organics……………………………………………… 6-43

Figure 6.12: Areas of Known Soil Contamination………………………………………………………………………………. 6-48

Figure 7.1: Surface Water Resources Study Areas………………………………………………………………………….. 7-24

Figure 7.2: Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Locations……………………………………………………………. 7-28

Figure 7.3: Waterbody Crossings and their Watersheds…………………………………………………………………… 7-30

Figure 8.1: Groundwater Resources Study Areas…………………………………………………………………………… 8-18

Figure 8.2: Input Parameters for Thornthwaite Model………………………………………………………………………. 8-27

Figure 8.3: Webequie Supply Road Typical Section………………………………………………………………………… 8-29

Figure 8.4: Recommended Aggregate Resources Area – ARA-2………………………………………………………… 8-39

Figure 8.5: Recommended Aggregate Resources Area – ARA-4………………………………………………………… 8-40

Figure 9.1: The Leq Concept……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-34

Figure 9.2: Atmospheric Environment Study Areas – Air Quality and Climate Change……………………………… 9-40

Figure 9.3: Atmospheric Environment Study Areas – Noise and Vibration…………………………………………….. 9-41

Figure 9.4: Atmospheric Environment Study Areas – Lighting……………………………………………………………. 9-42

Figure 9.5: Location of Climate and Air Quality Monitoring Stations…………………………………………………….. 9-48

Figure 9.6: Relation between mean TSP concentrations measured in air and mean dust deposition measurements carried out at 12 stations in Quebec City from 1979 to 1982…………………………… 9-56

Figure 9.7: Air Dispersion Modelling Domain…………………………………………………………………………………. 9-72

Figure 9.8: Air Dispersion Modelling Domain (close-up near Webequie)……………………………………………….. 9-73

Figure 9.9: Aggregate Extraction Site ARA-2 – Assumed Noise Source Locations…………………………………. 9-90

Figure 9.10: Aggregate Extraction Site ARA-4 – Assumed Noise Source Locations………………………………….. 9-91

Figure 10.1: Spatial Study Boundaries…………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-27

Figure 10.2: Tertiary Watersheds………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-33

Figure 10.3: Fish and Fish Habitat Assessment Locations………………………………………………………………… 10-34

Figure 14.1: Social Environment Study Areas………………………………………………………………………………… 14-25

Figure 14.2: Population Age and Gender for Webequie First Nation, 2021…………………………………………….. 14-39

Figure 14.3: Population Forecast by Self-Identified Gender for Other Local Study Area Indigenous

Communities (2016, 2021, 2028, 2033, 2043)……………………………………………………………….. 14-41

Figure 14.4: Kenora District – Population Forecast by Self-Identified Gender (2016, 2021, 2028,

2033, 2043)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-43

Figure 14.5: Thunder Bay District – Population Forecast by Self-Identified Gender (2016, 2021, 2028,

2033, 2043)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-44

Figure 14.6: Cochrane District – Population Forecast by Self-Identified Gender (2016, 2021, 2028,

2033, 2043)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-45

Figure 14.7: Private Occupied Private Dwellings by Tenure in Other Local Study Area Indigenous

Communities (2021)………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-49

Figure 14-8: Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households, Other LSA Indigenous Communities (2021)…………………………………………………. 14-75

In Text Figures (Cont’d)

Figure 14.9: CWB Index Score for Webequie First Nation Compared to the First Nations in

Ontario Average and First Nations Average in Canada…………………………………………………….. 14-99

Figure 14.10: Survey Results from Respondents When Asked If They Have Safety Concerns About

the Project – WSR Socio-Economic Survey…………………………………………………………………. 14-101

Figure 14.11: Safety Concerns Identified by the Community……………………………………………………………… 14-102

Figure 14.12: Road Safety Concerns Identified by the Community………………………………………………………. 14-103

Figure 14.13: Project-Related Population Impact on Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase……………….. 14-115

Figure 14.14: Project-Related Temporary Accommodations Requirements, Construction Phase………………… 14-121

Figure 15.1: Regional and Local Economy Study Areas……………………………………………………………………. 15-30

Figure 15.2: Hours per week spent on domestic and care work- Webequie First Nation…………………………… 15-46

Figure 15.3: CPI across Canada, Ontario and Thunder Bay (2017 = 1.0)……………………………………………… 15-61

Figure 15.4: FTE Project Labour Participation, Regional Study Area, Construction Phase………………………. 15-101

Figure 15.5: Project Labour Requirements Compared to Regional Study Area Workforce by NOC……………. 15-102

Figure 15.6: Project Effect on GDP for Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase………………………………. 15-110

Figure 15.7: Project Effects on GDP, Other Local Study Area Communities, Construction Phase……………… 15-116

Figure 15.8: Construction Phase Total Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on the Regional Study

Area by Year………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15-120

Figure 16.1: Local Study Area and Regional Study Area for Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use…………. 16-17

Figure 16.2: Treaty Lands and Indigenous Communities…………………………………………………………………… 16-30

Figure 16.3: First Nations Areas of Interest for Planning based on Available Community Based Land Use

Planning Documentation………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-37

Figure 16.4: Webequie First Nation Three-Tier Model……………………………………………………………………… 16-39

Figure 16.5: Webequie First Nation On-Reserve Land Use Plan – What Will We Build Where?………………….. 16-41

Figure 16.6: Webequie First Nation On-Reserve Land Use Plan – Future Roads map…………………………….. 16-42

Figure 16.7: Webequie Concepts of Comprehensive Community Plan…………………………………………………. 16-44

Figure 16.8: Marten Falls First Nation Area of Interest for Planning…………………………………………………….. 16-48

Figure 16.9: Attawapiskat First Nation Area of Interest for Planning…………………………………………………….. 16-49

Figure 16.10: Eabametoong First Nation and Mishkeegogamang First Nation Area of Interest for Planning……. 16-50

Figure 16.11: Weenusk First Nation Area of Interest for Planning…………………………………………………………. 16-57

Figure 16.12: Existing Mining Claims and Tenure in the LSA and RSA………………………………………………….. 16-66

Figure 16.13: Existing Aggregate Deposits in the LSA and RSA…………………………………………………………… 16-68

Figure 16.14: Existing Aggregate Deposits in the Project Footprint………………………………………………………. 16-69

Figure 16.15: Transmission and Power Lines in Northern Ontario…………………………………………………………. 16-79

Figure 16.16: Outposts in the RSA………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16-84

Figure 16.17: Map of Region 13c Northwest Ontario Regional Tourism Organization………………………………… 16-98

Figure 16.18: Provincial Parks, Ontario ANSI in the RSA…………………………………………………………………. 16-102

Figure 16.19: Webequie Winter Road Routes………………………………………………………………………………… 16-104

Figure 17.1: Contributing sources to the development of the human health effect assessment of the

social and environmental determinants of health……………………………………………………………. 17-35

Figure 18.1: Visual Environment Study Areas………………………………………………………………………………….. 18-9

Figure 18.2: Potential Receptor Locations…………………………………………………………………………………….. 18-15

Figure 18.3: Winisk Lake Crossing – Pre-Construction – Viewing South………………………………………………. 18-18

Figure 18.4: Winisk Lake Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing South……………………………………………… 18-18

Figure 18.5: Winisk Lake Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing West………………………………………………. 18-18

In Text Figures (Cont’d)

Figure 18.6: Winiskisis Channel Crossing – Pre-Construction – Viewing West……………………………………….. 18-19

Figure 18.7: Winiskisis Channel Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing West……………………………………… 18-19

Figure 18.8: Winiskisis Channel Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing South…………………………………….. 18-19

Figure 18.9: Muketei River Crossing – Pre-Construction – Viewing South…………………………………………….. 18-20

Figure 18.10: Muketei River Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing South……………………………………………. 18-20

Figure 18.11: Muketei River Crossing – Post-Construction – Viewing West…………………………………………….. 18-20

Figure 20.1: Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources Study Areas…………………………………………… 20-15

Figure 24.1: Location of Climate and Air Quality Monitoring Stations…………………………………………………… 24-21

Figure 24.2: Climate Norms (1971-2000) at Lansdowne House Meteorological Station (ECCC, 2024)…………. 24-22

Figure 24.3: Mean Annual Temperature and Total Annual Precipitations over Several Decades at the

Pickle Lake Meteorological Station (ECCC, 2024)…………………………………………………………… 24-22

Figure 26.1: Interdependence and Interconnectedness of Valued Components within a Human-Ecological

System………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26-12

Figure 26.2: Interconnectedness of VCs with the Human Health VC……………………………………………………. 26-14

In-Text Tables

Table 1-1: Proponent Contact Information……………………………………………………………………………………… 1-7

Table 1-2: Federal Legislation, Permits, and Other Authorizations……………………………………………………… 1-20

Table 1-3: Provincial Legislation, Permits, and Other Authorizations…………………………………………………… 1-21

Table 2-1: Indigenous Communities Consulted and Engaged…………………………………………………………….. 2-9

Table 2-2: Indigenous Engagement and Consultation Methods During the EA/IA…………………………………… 2-17

Table 2-3: Monthly Newsletters Circulated During EA/IA Process………………………………………………………. 2-22

Table 2-4: Consultation Activities Conducted During Consultation Round 1………………………………………….. 2-27

Table 2-5: Consultation Activities Conducted During Consultation Round 2………………………………………….. 2-30

Table 2-6: Consultation Activities Conducted During Consultation Round 3………………………………………….. 2-35

Table 2-7: Key Issues and Concerns Raised by Indigenous Communities and Groups from Engagement

and Consultation Activities…………………………………………………………………………………………. 2-40

Table 2-8: Public and Stakeholder Engagement Methods During the EA/IA Process………………………………. 2-53

Table 2-9: Notices to the Public and Stakeholders During the EA/IA Process……………………………………….. 2-54

Table 2-10: Select Provincial and Federal Agencies Technical Comments and/or Concerns on Study Plans…. 2-58

Table 2-11: Select Provincial and Federal Agencies Comments and/or Concerns on Draft Natural

Environment Existing Conditions Report………………………………………………………………………… 2-62

Table 2-12: Select Provincial and Federal Agencies Comments and/or Concerns on Draft Socio-Economic Existing Conditions Report…………………………………………………………………………………………. 2-66

Table 2-13: Select Provincial and Federal Agencies Comments on the Alternatives Assessment

(Consultation Round 2)………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2-68

Table 2-14: Issues and/or Concerns Raised by the Public and Other Stakeholders…………………………………. 2-69

Table 3-1: Screening Factor for Alternatives to the Undertaking………………………………………………………….. 3-6

Table 3-2: Chronological Summary of Historical Studies…………………………………………………………………. 3-14

Table 3-3: MECP Code of Practice for Determining a Reasonable Range of Alternative Methods……………… 3-20

Table 3-4: Webequie Community-Based Considerations for Screening Alternative Corridors……………………. 3-24

Table 3-5: Additional Considerations Used in Screening Alternative Supply Road Corridors…………………….. 3-26

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 3-6: Summary Comparative Analysis of Supply Road Corridor Alternative Concepts – Screening

Level Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-29

Table 3-7: Factors, Disciplines, and Criteria………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-44

Table 3-8: Comparison of Route Alternatives at the Category Level and Overall……………………………………. 3-48

Table 3-9: Comparison of Route Alternatives at the Criteria Level………………………………………………………. 3-49

Table 3-10: Sensitivity Run 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-53

Table 3-11: Sensitivity Run 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-55

Table 3-12: Locations of Alternate Aggregate Sources………………………………………………………………………. 3-57

Table 3-13: Summary of Aggregate Requirements…………………………………………………………………………… 3-63

Table 3-14: Alternate Aggregate Source Screening Criteria………………………………………………………………… 3-65

Table 4-1: Preliminary Design Criteria for the Project………………………………………………………………………… 4-6

Table 4-2: Waterbody Crossings and Proposed Structure Type for the Webequie Supply Road………………… 4-17

Table 4-3: Crossings of Navigable Waterways……………………………………………………………………………….. 4-23

Table 4-4: Temporary and Permanent Support Infrastructure…………………………………………………………….. 4-24

Table 4-5: Aggregate/Rock/Fill Requirements………………………………………………………………………………… 4-24

Table 4-6: Volume of Aggregate Material at ARA-2…………………………………………………………………………. 4-27

Table 4-7: Volume of Aggregate Material at ARA-4…………………………………………………………………………. 4-30

Table 4-8: Summary of Expected Equipment and Vehicles Used for Project Construction………………………… 4-49

Table 4-9: Summary of Expected Equipment and Vehicles Used for Project Operations Activities……………… 4-72

Table 4-10: Summary of Estimated Employment for Project Construction………………………………………………. 4-75

Table 4-11: Summary of Estimated Employment Per Year for Project Operations……………………………………. 4-82

Table 5-1: Project Interactions with (VC Name) and Potential Effects………………………………………………….. 5-12

Table 5-2: Baseline Study Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………. 5-14

Table 5-3: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for (VC Name)………………………………………………….. 5-15

Table 5-4: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for (VC Name)…….. 5-16

Table 5-5: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on (VC name)……………………………………… 5-18

Table 5-6: Summary Example of Predicted Net Effects on [VC name]…………………………………………………. 5-19

Table 6-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Geology, Terrain and Soils……………………………… 6-6

Table 6-2: Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC – Summary of Inputs Received During Engagement and

Consultation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-9

Table 6-3: Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and

Resource Use Information…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-14

Table 6-4: Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale…………………………. 6-17

Table 6-5: Project Interactions with Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC and Potential Effects………………………… 6-19

Table 6-6: Lithology in the Project Area………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-25

Table 6-7: Geochemical Sampling Sites……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-27

Table 6-8: Summary of ABA and SPLP Test Results for 2020 Geochemical Sampling……………………………. 6-27

Table 6-9: Summary of Borehole Locations and Elevations……………………………………………………………….. 6-44

Table 6-10: Summary of Soil Analytical Laboratory Results………………………………………………………………… 6-44

Table 6-11: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC………………………… 6-52

Table 6-12: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for Geology,

Terrain, and Soils VC…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6-55

Table 6-13: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC……………. 6-61

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 6-14: Affected Geological Features in the Project Footprint Relative to the Amount Present in the

LSA and RSA………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6-64

Table 6-15: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC………………………………….. 6-66

Table 6-16: Scores Assigned for Key Criteria (Categories) of the Predicted Net Effects……………………………. 6-67

Table 6-17: Key Criteria and Scores for Determining the Significance of the Predicted Net Adverse Effects

on Geology, Terrain, and Soils VC……………………………………………………………………………….. 6-69

Table 7-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Surface Water Resources Assessment for

the Project……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-6

Table 7-2: Surface Water Resources VC – Summary of Inputs Received During Engagement and

Consultation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-9

Table 7-3: Surface Water Resources VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource

Use Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7-17

Table 7-4: Surface Water Resources VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale…………………………… 7-22

Table 7-5: Project Interactions with Surface Water Resources VC and Potential Effects…………………………. 7-25

Table 7.6: Water Quality Sampling Sites……………………………………………………………………………………… 7-32

Table 7-7: Surface Water Quality – Summary of Field Measuring and Laboratory Analytical Parameters Collected in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2023……………………………………………………………………….. 7-32

Table 7-8: Sediment Quality Sampling Sites…………………………………………………………………………………. 7-33

Table 7-9: Sediment Quality – Summary of Field Measuring and Laboratory Analytical Parameters

Collected in 2020……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-34

Table 7-10: Summary of Analytical Results for Water Quality in the Winisk River Watershed……………………… 7-36

Table 7-11: Summary of Analytical Results for Water Quality in the Ekwan River Watershed…………………….. 7-38

Table 7-12: Summary of Analytical Results for Water Quality in the Attawapiskat River Watershed……………… 7-41

Table 7-13: Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators for Surface Water Resources VC………………………… 7-49

Table 7-14: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures, and Predicted Net Effects for Surface Water Resources VC………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7-57

Table 7-15: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Surface Water Resources VC…………….. 7-67

Table 7-16: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Surface Water Resources VC…………………………………….. 7-74

Table 8-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Groundwater Resources………………………………… 8-6

Table 8-2: Groundwater Resources VC – Summary of Input Received During Engagement and Consultation 8-8

Table 8-3: Groundwater Resources VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource

Use Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-12

Table 8-4: Groundwater Resources VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale…………………………….. 8-16

Table 8-5: Project Interactions with Groundwater Resources VC and Potential Effects…………………………… 8-19

Table 8-6: Infiltration Factors – Pre-Development…………………………………………………………………………… 8-28

Table 8-7: Annual Infiltration Volumes – Pre-Development Road Right-of-Way (Previous Areas)………………. 8-30

Table 8-8: Annual Infiltration Volumes – Post-Development Road Right-of-Way (Pervious Areas)……………… 8-30

Table 8-9: Changes to Annual Infiltration Volumes – Pre- and Post-Development Road Right-of-Way……….. 8-31

Table 8-10: ABA Results for Rock Samples…………………………………………………………………………………… 8-33

Table 8-11: ABA Results for Soil Samples…………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-33

Table 8-12: Input Parameters for Dewatering Assessment – Structure………………………………………………….. 8-35

Table 8-13: Results of Dewatering Assessment – Each Structure Foundation………………………………………… 8-36

Table 8-14: Input Parameters for Dewatering Assessment – Aggregate Resources Area (ARA-2)……………….. 8-37

Table 8-15: Results of Dewatering Assessment – Aggregate Resources Area (ARA-2)…………………………….. 8-38

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 8-16: Input Parameters for Dewatering Assessment – Water Supply Wells……………………………………. 8-41

Table 8-17: Summary of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators for Groundwater Resources VC………….. 8-44

Table 8-18: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Groundwater Resources VC……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8-50

Table 8-19: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Groundwater Resources VC……………….. 8-53

Table 8-20: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Groundwater Resources VC………………………………………. 8-58

Table 8-21: cores Assigned for Key Criteria (Categories) of the Predicted Net Effects……………………………… 8-60

Table 8-22: Key Criteria and Scores for Determining the Significance of the Predicted Net Adverse Effects on Groundwater Resources VC……………………………………………………………………………………. 8-62

Table 9-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Air Quality…………………………………………………… 9-8

Table 9-2: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to GHG Emissions Assessment for the Project……… 9-10

Table 9-3: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Noise and Vibration Assessment for the Project…. 9-11

Table 9-4: Atmospheric Environment VC – Summary of Inputs Received During Engagement and

Consultation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-13

Table 9-5: Atmospheric Environment VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource

Use Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-25

Table 9-6: Ambient Air Quality Criteria and Standards for Contaminants of Interest……………………………….. 9-30

Table 9-7: Emission Factors Considered in the GHG Emissions Assessment………………………………………. 9-32

Table 9-8: Range of Sound Levels……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-33

Table 9-9: Subjective Human Perception of Changes in Sound Levels………………………………………………… 9-35

Table 9-10: Atmospheric Environment VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale…………………………… 9-37

Table 9-11: Project Interactions with Atmospheric Environment VC and Potential Effects…………………………. 9-43

Table 9-12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Reviewed…………………………………………………………… 9-47

Table 9-13: Estimations of Background Sound Levels Using Qualitative Descriptions and Population Densities

of Average Types of Communities (from Health Canada Guidelines)……………………………………. 9-51

Table 9-14: Summary of Background Concentrations for Studied Contaminants…………………………………….. 9-54

Table 9-15: Overview of Existing GHG Emission Sources in the Webequie Community……………………………. 9-57

Table 9-16: Summary of Measured Background Ambient Sound Levels at Monitors M1, M2, and M3………….. 9-59

Table 9-17: Summary of Background Sound Levels for Use in the Assessment……………………………………… 9-61

Table 9-18: Maximum Concentrations for CACs Calculated in Air During the Construction Phase

(without mitigation measures)………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-67

Table 9-19: Maximum Concentrations for Other Contaminants Calculated in Air During the Construction

Phase (without mitigation measures)…………………………………………………………………………….. 9-68

Table 9-20: Maximum Concentrations (with mitigation measures in place) for Contaminants for Which the Construction Phase Generates Substantial Concentrations in Air (without mitigation measures)…. 9-69

Table 9-21: Maximum Concentration for Contaminants Calculated in Air in Areas of Interest During the Construction Phase (with mitigation measures)……………………………………………………………….. 9-70

Table 9-22: Maximum Concentrations for CACs Calculated in Air During the Operation Phase

(without dust control)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-77

Table 9-23: Maximum Concentrations for Other Contaminants Calculated in Air During the Operation Phase (without dust control)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-78

Table 9-24: Maximum Concentrations of Certain Contaminants Calculated in Air During the Operation Phase (with dust control)………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-79

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 9-25: Maximum Concentration for Contaminants Calculated in Air in Areas of Interest During the

Operation Phase (with dust control)……………………………………………………………………………… 9-80

Table 9-26: GHG Emissions per Source and Year of Realization for the Construction Phase……………………… 9-83

Table 9-27: Annual GHG Emissions per Source for the Operation Phase………………………………………………. 9-84

Table 9-28: Construction Phase Blasting Noise Guidelines………………………………………………………………… 9-86

Table 9-29: Construction Phase Overpressure Sound Level Limits………………………………………………………. 9-86

Table 9-30: MECP Publication NPC-300 Exclusion Limits for Class 3 Rural Areas…………………………………… 9-87

Table 9-31: Predicted Stationary Sound Levels – Aggregate Extraction Site Operations…………………………… 9-92

Table 9-32: Construction Phase Noise Guidelines……………………………………………………………………………. 9-93

Table 9-33: Construction Mitigation Noise Level (MNL) Corrections……………………………………………………… 9-93

Table 9-34: Construction Equipment…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9-94

Table 9-35: Operations Phase Noise Guidelines……………………………………………………………………………… 9-96

Table 9-36: MTO Environmental Guide for Noise…………………………………………………………………………….. 9-97

Table 9-37: 2041 “Build” Traffic Information at Anticipated Date of Construction……………………………………… 9-98

Table 9-38: Construction Phase Vibration Guidelines……………………………………………………………………… 9-101

Table 9-39: Construction Phase Vibration Limits……………………………………………………………………………. 9-101

Table 9-40: City of Toronto By-Law Vibration Guidelines………………………………………………………………….. 9-102

Table 9-41: Summary of Zone of Influence (ZOI) Setback Distances Associated with Construction Activities .9-102 Table 9-42: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Atmospheric Environment VC………………………… 9-104

Table 9-43: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for Atmospheric Environment VC……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-108

Table 9-44: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Atmospheric Environment VC……………. 9-110

Table 9-45: Air Dispersion Modelling Results for the Construction Phase…………………………………………….. 9-114

Table 9-46: Air Dispersion Modelling Results for the Operation Phase………………………………………………… 9-117

Table 9-47: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Atmospheric Environment VC…………………………………… 9-121

Table 14-1: Key Regulations, Legislation, and Policies relevant to Social Environment Assessment for

the Project……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14-9

Table 14-2: Social Environment – Summary of Inputs Received During Engagement and Consultation………. 14-13

Table 14-3: Social Environment VCs – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge…………………………………………. 14-19

Table 14-4: Social Environment VCs –Indicators and Rationale…………………………………………………………. 14-21

Table 14-5: Project Interactions with Social Environment VCs and Potential Effects………………………………. 14-27

Table 14-6: Indigenous Communities Engaged/Consulted……………………………………………………………….. 14-31

Table 14-7: Summary of Methods Data Sources for Social Environment VCs……………………………………….. 14-36

Table 14-8: Registered Population Projection, Webequie First Nation Comprehensive Community

Plan, 2023…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14-37

Table 14-9: Population for Other Local Study Area Indigenous Communities (2021)……………………………….. 14-40

Table 14-10: Regional Study Area Population Forecast (2016, 2021, 2028, 2033, 2043)…………………………… 14-42

Table 14-11: Housing Availability, Webequie First Nation, 2020…………………………………………………………… 14-47

Table 14-12: Private Dwelling Conditions, Webequie First Nation, 2020………………………………………………… 14-48

Table 14-13: Total Private Dwellings and Occupied Private Dwellings in Other Local Study Area

Indigenous Communities (2021)…………………………………………………………………………………. 14-48

Table 14-14: Community Services Availability, Attawapiskat First Nation………………………………………………. 14-56

Table 14-15: Community Services Availability, Eabametoong First Nation…………………………………………….. 14-57

Table 14-16: Community Services Availability, Kasabonika Lake First Nation…………………………………………. 14-59

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 14-17: Community Services Availability, Marten Falls First Nation……………………………………………….. 14-60

Table 14-18: Community Services Availability, Neskantaga First Nation………………………………………………… 14-62

Table 14-19: Community Services Availability, Nibinamik First Nation…………………………………………………… 14-64

Table 14-20: Community Services Availability, Weenusk First Nation…………………………………………………… 14-65

Table 14-21: Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in

Private Households in Webequie First Nation (2021)……………………………………………………….. 14-69

Table 14-22: Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in

Private Households in Webequie First Nation (2021)……………………………………………………….. 14-71

Table 14-23: Education and Training Facilities Availability, Local Study Area…………………………………………. 14-73

Table 14-24: Educational Attainment within Project-Related Fields, Local Study Area………………………………. 14-76

Table 14-25: Education and Training Facilities and Services in the Regional Study Area Municipalities,

Cities and Towns……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-89

Table 14-26: Description of Community Infrastructure in Webequie First Nation……………………………………… 14-91

Table 14-27: Description of Community Infrastructure in Other LSA Indigenous Communities……………………. 14-93

Table 14-28: Description of Community Infrastructure in the RSA………………………………………………………… 14-95

Table 14-29: CWB Index Scores for Indigenous Communities in the LSA…………………………………………….. 14-104

Table 14-30: Crime Statistics in Indigenous Communities and Municipalities for 2021, as Reported by

the Police Service Responsible for that Area……………………………………………………………….. 14-104

Table 14-31: CWB Index Scores for Communities within the Regional Study Area…………………………………. 14-105

Table 14-32: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures and Predicted

Net Effects for Social Environment VCs……………………………………………………………………… 14-107

Table 14-33: Project-Related Population Impact on Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase……………….. 14-114

Table 14-34: Increase in Webequie First Nation Population Attributed to the Temporary In-Migration

of Workers from the Other Local Study Area Communities, Construction Phase………………….. 14-117

Table 14-35: Temporary Population Increase in Webequie First Nation Attributed to the Regional Study

Area, Construction Phase……………………………………………………………………………………….. 14-118

Table 14-36: Project-Related Temporary Accommodations Requirements, Construction Phase………………… 14-121

Table 14-37: Local Study Area Community Locations in Relation to Webequie First Nation……………………… 14-123

Table 14-38 Summary and Conclusion of Potential Effects for the Social Environment VCs…………………….. 14-148

Table 14-39: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures and Predicted

Net Effects for Social Environment VCs……………………………………………………………………… 14-161

Table 14-40: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Social Environment VCs………………… 14-167

Table 14-41: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Social Environment VCs………………………………………… 14-185

Table 14-42: Determination of Significance for the Social Environment VCs…………………………………………. 14-187

Table 15-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Regional and Local Economy………………………… 15-9

Table 15-2: Regional and Local Economy VC – Summary of Input Received During Engagement and Consultation………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-14

Table 15-3: Regional and Local Economy VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and

Resource Use Information………………………………………………………………………………………… 15-21

Table 15-4: Regional and Local Economy VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale…………………….. 15-26

Table 15-5: Project Interactions with Regional and Local Economy VC and Potential Effects…………………… 15-31

Table 15-6: Indigenous Communities Engaged/Consulted……………………………………………………………….. 15-34

Table 15-7: Summary of Methods Data Sources for Regional and Local Economic VC…………………………… 15-40

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 15-8: Projected Working Age Population in Webequie First Nation (2016, 2021, 2028, 2033, 2043)…… 15-43

Table 15-9: Existing Employment within National Occupation Code Categories, Webequie First

Nation, 2022………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-44

Table 15-10: Projected Working Age Population for Other LSA Indigenous Communities

(2016, 2021, 2028, 2033, 2043)………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-47

Table 15-11: Existing Employment within National Occupation Code Categories, Local Study Area, 2022…….. 15-49

Table 15-12: Other Local Study Area Unemployment Rate, 2016 and 2021……………………………………………. 15-49

Table 15-13: Cost of the RNFB for a family of four for one month………………………………………………………… 15-59

Table 15-14: Cost of household items, 2016…………………………………………………………………………………… 15-60

Table 15-15: LICO Low-income Status, Cochrane District, 2020………………………………………………………….. 15-62

Table 15-16: LICO Low-income Status, Kenora District, 2020…………………………………………………………….. 15-62

Table 15-17: LICO Low-income Status, Thunder Bay District, 2020……………………………………………………… 15-63

Table 15-18: Do you Have Concerns About the Loss of Traditional Culture in Webequie First Nation?…………. 15-73

Table 15-19: If you Have Concerns About the Loss of Traditional Culture in Webequie First Nation,

What are Those Concerns?………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-73

Table 15-20: All Industry Presence in Webequie First Nation (2018 – 2022)…………………………………………… 15-76

Table 15-21: All Industry Presence in Other LSA Indigenous Communities (2018 – 2022)…………………………. 15-77

Table 15-22: Regional Requirements/ Needs to Meet Demand by Industry in Webequie (2020)………………….. 15-78

Table 15-23: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Regional and Local Economy

Valued Component…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-85

Table 15-24: Full-Time Equivalent Direct, Indirect, and Induced Project Related Employment,

Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase………………………………………………………………….. 15-94

Table 15-25: Project Related Employment Income, Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase…………………. 15-94

Table 15-26: Project Related Employment, Webequie First Nation, Operations phase……………………………… 15-95

Table 15-27: Project Related Employment Income, Webequie First Nation, Operations phase…………………… 15-96

Table 15-28: Full-Time Equivalent Project Related Employment, Other Local Study Area Communities, Construction Phase…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-97

Table 15-29: Project Related Employment Income, Other Local Study Area Communities,

Construction Phase…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-98

Table 15-30: Project Related Employment, Other Local Study Area Communities, Operations phase………….. 15-98

Table 15-31: Project Related Employment Income, Other Local Study Area Communities,

Operations phase……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-99

Table 15-32: Full-Time Equivalent Project Labour Participation, Regional Study Area, Construction………….. 15-101

Table 15-33: Construction Phase Total Jobs in the Regional Study Area by Year – Kenora……………………… 15-103

Table 15-34: Construction Phase Total Jobs in the Regional Study Area by Year – Thunder Bay………………. 15-103

Table 15-35: Construction Phase Total Jobs in the Regional Study Area by Year – Cochrane…………………… 15-103

Table 15-36: Project Related Employment Income, Regional Study Area, Construction Phase…………………. 15-104

Table 15-37: Project Related Employment Income, Kenora, Construction Phase…………………………………… 15-104

Table 15-38: Project Related Employment Income, Thunder Bay, Construction Phase……………………………. 15-104

Table 15-39: Project Related Employment Income, Cochrane, Construction Phase……………………………….. 15-105

Table 15-40: Full-Time Equivalent Project Related Employment, RSA, Operations phase……………………….. 15-105

Table 15-41: Project Related Employment Income, RSA, Operations phase…………………………………………. 15-105

Table 15-42: Project Expenses by Year, Construction Phase……………………………………………………………. 15-107

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 15-43: Total Province of Ontario Effects related to Project Expenditure, Construction Phase……………. 15-107

Table 15-44: Annual Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects of Project Expenditure, Operations phase –

Province of Ontario……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-108

Table 15-45: Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects of Project Expenditure, Webequie First Nation,

Total Construction Phase………………………………………………………………………………………… 15-108

Table 15-46: Total Effects of Project Expenditure, Webequie First Nation, Construction Phase by Year………. 15-109

Table 15-47: Annual Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects of Project Expenditure, Webequie First Nation, Operations phase………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-113

Table 15-48: Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects of Project Expenditure, Other Local Study Area

Communities, Construction Phase, five to six year Total…………………………………………………. 15-115

Table 15-49: Total Effects of Project Expenditure, Other Local Study Area Communities,

Construction Phase……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-115

Table 15-50: Annual Direct, Indirect, and Induced Effects of Project Expenditure, Other Local Study Area Communities, Operations phase………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-118

Table 15-51: Combined five to six year Construction Phase Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on

the Regional Study Area by Source of Economic Activity……………………………………………….. 15-121

Table 15-52: Construction Phase Total Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on the Regional

Study Area by Year……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-121

Table 15-53: Construction Phase Total Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on the Regional

Study Area by Year, Kenora…………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-121

Table 15-54: Construction Phase Total Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on the Regional

Study Area by Year, Thunder Bay…………………………………………………………………………….. 15-122

Table 15-55: Construction Phase Total Economic Effect of Project Expenditure on the Regional

Study Area by Year, Cochrane…………………………………………………………………………………. 15-122

Table 15-56: Operations phase Annual Economic Effects of Project Expenditure on the RSA by

Source of Economic Activity……………………………………………………………………………………. 15-124

Table 15-57: Estimated Occupations of Unemployed, Project Labour Demand, and Estimated

Labour Capture by NOC, Webequie First Nation…………………………………………………………… 15-126

Table 15-58: Full-Time Equivalent Direct Project Related Employment, Webequie First Nation,

Construction Phase……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-127

Table 15-59: Estimated Occupations of Unemployed, Project Labour Demand, and Estimated

Labour Capture by NOC, Other Local Study Area…………………………………………………………. 15-129

Table 15-60: Direct Full-Time Equivalent Labour Requirements by Industry, Construction Phase,

Other LSA Communities…………………………………………………………………………………………. 15-130

Table 15-61: Full-Time Equivalent Direct Project Employment, Other Local Study Area,

Construction Phase, Other LSA Communities……………………………………………………………… 15-130

Table 15-62: Estimated Labour Capture by NOC, Thunder Bay, Kenora, and Cochrane,

Construction Phase……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-132

Table 15-63: Full-Time Equivalent Direct Project Related Employment, Thunder Bay, Kenora,

Cochrane, Construction Phase…………………………………………………………………………………. 15-133

Table 15-64: Forecasted Direct Project Expenses by Year, Construction Phase……………………………………. 15-136

Table 15-65: Forecasted Direct Project Labour Expenses by Year, Construction Phase………………………….. 15-136

Table 15-66: Estimated Project Operations and Maintenance Expenses……………………………………………… 15-136

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 15-67: Effect of the Project on Provincial Tax Revenue Over a 15-year Time Period

(5 Years of Construction + 10 Years of Operations and Maintenance)……………………………….. 15-137

Table 15-68: Project Contingency Expenses, Construction Phase……………………………………………………… 15-137

Table 15-69: Effect of the Project on Federal Tax Revenue Over a 15-year Time Period

(5 Years of Construction + 10 Years of Operations and Maintenance)……………………………….. 15-138

Table 15-70: Repair Construction Industry Multipliers……………………………………………………………………… 15-138

Table 15-71: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Regional and Local Economy

Valued Component……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15-139

Table 15-72: Potential Project Related Interactions with CCP Action Items…………………………………………… 15-145

Table 15-73: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Regional and Local Economy VC……………………………………………………………………………… 15-149

Table 15-74: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Regional and Local Economy VC……… 15-151

Table 15-75: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Regional and Local Economy VC…………………………….. 15-160

Table 16-1: Key Regulations, Legislations, Policies Relevant to Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use…….. 16-7

Table 16-2: Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use – Summary of Inputs received during Engagement

and Consultation…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-11

Table 16-3: Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VCs – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge Shared

with the Project………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-13

Table 16-4: Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VCs – Indicators and Rationale…………………………….. 16-15

Table 16-5: Project Interactions with Land and Resource Use (non-Indigenous) VCs and Potential Effects…. 16-19

Table 16-6: Summary of Methods Data Sources for Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VCs……………. 16-26

Table 16-7: Webequie Draft CBLUP – New Road Development………………………………………………………… 16-40

Table 16-8: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Commercial Enterprises…………………………………………. 16-62

Table 16-9: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – New and Existing Commercial Tourism………………………. 16-63

Table 16-10: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Mineral Exploration and Development………………………… 16-65

Table 16-11: Existing Mining Claims and Tenure in the LSA………………………………………………………………. 16-65

Table 16-12: Existing Aggregate Deposits within the LSA………………………………………………………………….. 16-67

Table 16-13: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Aggregate Extraction……………………………………………… 16-67

Table 16-14: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Commercial Timber Harvest…………………………………….. 16-70

Table 16-15: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Energy Transmissions and Communications Corridors…… 16-72

Table 16-16: Existing Mining, Land Tenure and Aggregate in the RSA………………………………………………….. 16-75

Table 16-17: Proposed and Planned Industrial Developments in the RSA……………………………………………… 16-76

Table 16-18: Status of Energy Resources and Connections of First Nations Communities in the RSA………….. 16-78

Table 16-19: Recreation Activities and The Needs and Barriers for Youth and Women in Webequie

First Nation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-81

Table 16-20: Webequie First Nation draft CBLUP – Recreational Activities…………………………………………….. 16-83

Table 16-21: Barriers to Recreation Perceived by Youth……………………………………………………………………. 16-86

Table 16-22: Recreation in First Nations Communities in RSA……………………………………………………………. 16-87

Table 16-23: Socio-Economic Survey Responses for Recreation by Weenusk and Marten Falls First Nations 16-88

Table 16-26: Summary of Indigenous Comments on Resources that Support Recreation………………………….. 16-91

Table 16-27: Webequie First Nation Draft CBLUP – Tourism………………………………………………………………. 16-94

Table 16-28: ANSI in the RSA……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-100

Table 16-29: Ontario Winter Road Systems and Connected Communities in the Local Study Area……………. 16-105

Table 16-30: Local Study Area Communities Within or Nearby Secondary Watersheds………………………….. 16-107

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 16-31: Ontario Winter Road Systems and Connected Communities in the Regional Study Area………. 16-109

Table 16-32: Summary of Traffic Volume and Collisions in the RSA……………………………………………………. 16-110

Table 16-33: Ontario Airlines with Services to Remote Communities in the RSA……………………………………. 16-111

Table 16-34: First Nations Within or Near Secondary Watersheds in the RSA……………………………………… 16-113

Table 16-35: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use

Valued Component……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16-116

Table 16-36: WSR Length and Area on Lands………………………………………………………………………………. 16-120

Table 16-37: Summary of Webequie First Nation On-Reserve Land Use Plan – Development Review

and Approval Guidelines…………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-121

Table 16-38: Summary of Conditions for New Road Development and Maintenance, Webequie First Nation

draft CBLUP………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16-126

Table 16-39: WSR Project Footprint in Draft CBLUP Land Use Zones………………………………………………… 16-128

Table 16-40: First Nations Areas of Interest in Planning within Project Footprint, Local Study and

Regional Study Area………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-129

Table 16-41: Highlights from First Nations CBLUP Terms of Reference for Transportation Infrastructure…….. 16-129

Table 16-42: Stewardship Highlights of First Nations and Tribal Councils in the RSA……………………………… 16-130

Table 16-43: Existing Mining Claims and Land Tenure in the Project Footprint and LSA………………………….. 16-132

Table 16-44: Number and Area of Existing Aggregate Sources in Project Footprint, LSA and RSA……………. 16-134

Table 16-45: Number and Locations of Camps, Tent Frames and Cabins in the Project Footprint,

LSA and RSA………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16-137

Table 16-46: List of Navigable Waterbody Crossings for WSR………………………………………………………….. 16-140

Table 16-47: Summary and Conclusion of Potential Effects for the Non-Traditional Land and

Resource Use VCs………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16-154

Table 16-48: Federal and Provincial Policy Tools to Restrict Road Access…………………………………………… 16-155

Table 16-49: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VCs………………………………………………………………. 16-169

Table 16-50: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Land and Resource Use VC……………. 16-171

Table 16-51: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VC………………. 16-179

Table 16-52: Scores Assigned for Key Criteria (Categories) of the Predicted Net Effects………………………… 16-180

Table 16-53: Determination of Significance for the Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use VCs……………… 16-182

Table 16-54: Summary of Follow-up and Monitoring……………………………………………………………………….. 16-186

Table 17-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy, and Framework Relevant to Human Health………………………. 17-6

Table 17-2: Human Health VC – Summary of Inputs Received During Engagement and Consultation………….. 17-8

Table 17-3: Human Health VC – Determinants of Health, Indicators, and Rationale……………………………….. 17-15

Table 17-4: Human Health VC – Project Interactions with Determinants of Health…………………………………. 17-20

Table 17-5: Summary of Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Human Health VC………………………. 17-36

Table 17-6: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Human Health VC…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17-86

Table 17-7: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Human Health VC………………………….. 17-99

Table 17-8: Definition of Magnitude Ratings for Predicted Net Effects on Human Health VC…………………… 17-101

Table 17-9: Summary of Predicted Net Effects, Significance Evaluation, and Level of Confidence in the Assessment of Effects on Human Health VC 17-111

Table 18-1: Visual Environment VC – Summary of Input Received During Engagement and Consultation…….. 18-5

In Text Tables (Cont’d)

Table 18-2: Visual Environment VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18-6

Table 18-3: Visual Environment VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and Rationale……………………………………. 18-7

Table 18-4: Project Interactions with Visual Environment VC and Potential Effects………………………………… 18-10

Table 18-5: Results of Visual Assessment of Major Waterbody Crossings…………………………………………… 18-21

Table 18-6: Visibility Parameters and Outcomes……………………………………………………………………………. 18-23

Table 18-7: Summary of Potential Effects, Pathways, and Indicators for Visual Environment VC………………. 18-24

Table 18-8: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Visual Environment VC…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18-26

Table 18-9: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects on Visual Environment VC……………………. 18-27

Table 18-10: Summary of Predicted Net Effects on Visual Environment VC…………………………………………… 18-30

Table 20-1: Key Regulation, Legislation, Policy Relevant to Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources… 20-5

Table 20-2: Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources – Summary of Inputs Received During

Engagement and Consultation…………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-7

Table 20-3: Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources VC – Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and

Land and Resource Use Information…………………………………………………………………………….. 20-9

Table 20-4: Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources VC – Subcomponents, Indicators, and

Rationale………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20-13

Table 20-5: Project Interactions with Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources Valued Component

and Potential Effects……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-16

Table 20-6: Summary of Known and Potential Cultural Heritage Landscapes within the Project Study Areas .20-22 Table 20-7: Potential Effects, Pathways and Indicators for Cultural Heritage and Archaeological

Resources VC……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-29

Table 20-8: Summary of Potential Effects, Mitigation Measures and Predicted Net Effects for

Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources VC……………………………………………………….. 20-33

Table 23-1: Key Regulation, Legislation and Policy Relevant to the Assessment of Accidents and Malfunctions23-4 Table 23-2: Summary of Accident and Malfunction Input Received During Engagement and Consultation……. 23-6

Table 23-3: Definitions for Categories of Likelihood and Consequence…………………………………………………. 23-9

Table 23-4: Risk Evaluation Matrix……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23-9

Table 23-5: Potential Accident or Malfunction Scenarios………………………………………………………………….. 23-11

Table 23-6: Accidents and Malfunctions – Potential Interactions with Valued Components………………………. 23-20

Table 23-7: Accident or Malfunction Event Likelihood, Consequence and Risk Evaluation Determination……. 23-33

Table 24-1: Summary of Input Received During Engagement and Consultation………………………………………. 24-6

Table 24-2: Summary of Indigenous Knowledge and Land and Resource Use Information………………………… 24-8

Table 24-3: Summary of Risk Ratings for Climate and Environmental Hazards That May Affect the Project… 24-10

Table 24-4: Past Climate Norms for Stations Nearest to Webequie (ECCC, 2024)…………………………………. 24-19

Table 24-5: Extreme Values at Meteorological Stations Nearest to Webequie (ECCC, 2024)……………………. 24-23

Table 24-6: Hazards/Events, Pathways, and Potential Effects of the Environment on the Project………………. 24-29

Table 24-7: Potential Effects and Key Mitigation Measures for Effects of the Environment on the Project……. 24-30

Table 24-8: Criteria for Characterization of Predicted Net Effects for Effects of the Environment on

the Project…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24-32

Table 24-9: Summary Net Effects Characterization for Effects of the Environment on the Project……………… 24-35

Table 25-1: Summary of Effects and Assessment of Obligations and Commitments………………………………. 25-10

In-Text Photographs

Photograph 4-1: View of Typical Composite Steel-Concrete Bridge………………………………………………………. 4-19

Photograph 4-2: Open Bottom Steel Arch Culvert Under Construction…………………………………………………… 4-20

Photograph 4-3: Completed Open Bottom Steel Arch Culvert………………………………………………………………. 4-20

Photograph 4-4: Typical Corrugated Steel Pipe………………………………………………………………………………… 4-21

Photograph 4-5: Typical Steel Arch Culvert……………………………………………………………………………………… 4-21

Photograph 4-6: Typical Layout of Temporary Construction Camp and Laydown/Storage Area……………………. 4-33

Photograph 4-7: Typical Potable Crushing Plant……………………………………………………………………………….. 4-42

Appendices

A1: Table of Concordance with Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines

A2: Table of Concordance with Provincial Environmental Assessment Terms of Reference B: Qualifications and Roles of the Project Team Members

C-1: Background Studies

C-2: Factors, Disciplines, Criteria, and Indicators

C-3: Multiple Accounts Assessment Datasets

D-1: Preliminary-Engineering-Design-Report Link

D-2: Potential Aggregate Development Sites Report Link E: Mitigation Measures

F: Natural-Environment Existing Conditions Report Link G: Air Quality Impact Assessment Report

H: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report

I: Climate Change Resilience Review Report

L: Socio-Economic-Existing-Conditions-Report Link J: Noise Vibration Technical Report

K-1: Veg Wetlands Function Effects Modelling

K-2: Veg Invasive Species Clean Equipment Checklist CEP K-3: Veg Conceptual Restoration Plans

K-4: Veg Wetland Function Monitoring Program

L: Socio-Economic-Existing-Conditions-Report Link M: GBA+ WSR Link

N: Community Readiness Plan Link O: Country Foods Assessment Report

P: Human Health Risk Assessment Report Q: Health Impact Assessment Report

R: Visual Impact Assessment Report S: Cultural Heritage Report

T: Stage 1 Report REDACTED

AtkinsRéalis 191 The West Mall Toronto, ON M9C 5L6 Canada 416.252.5315 atkinsrealis.com

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MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1-3

2. Engagement and Consultation Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 2-4

3 Evaluation of Project Alternatives……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-4

4. Project Description…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5

5. Environmental Assessment / Impact Assessment Approach and Methods………………………………… 5-4

6 Assessment of Effects on Geology, Terrain, and Soils…………………………………………………………… 6-5

7. Assessment of Effects on Surface Water Resources……………………………………………………………… 7-5

8 Assessment of Effects on Groundwater Resources……………………………………………………………….. 8-5

9 Assessment of Effects on Atmospheric Environment…………………………………………………………….. 9-7

10. Assessment of Effects on Fish and Fish Habitat………………………………………………………………….. 10-6

11. Assessment of Effects on Vegetation and Wetlands – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

12. Assessment of Effects on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

13. Assessment of Effects on Species at Risk – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

14. Assessment of Effects on Social Environment…………………………………………………………………….. 14-8

15. Assessment of Effects on Economic Environment……………………………………………………………….. 15-8

16. Assessment of Effects on Non-Traditional Land and Resource Use………………………………………… 16-6

17 Assessment of Effects on Human Health…………………………………………………………………………….. 17-5

18 Assessment of Effects on Visual Environment…………………………………………………………………….. 18-4

19 Assessment of Effects of the Project on Indigenous Peoples and Impacts to the Exercise of Aboriginal and Treaty Rights – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

20 Assessment of Effects on Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Resources…………………………….. 20-4

21. Cummulative Effects Assessment – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

22. Follow-up and Monitoring Programs – Table of Contents – TO BE PROVIDED

23. Accidents and Malfunctions……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23-3

24 Effects of the Environment on the Project…………………………………………………………………………… 24-4

25 Project Effects in the Context of Canada’s Ability to Meet Its Environmental Obligations and

Its Climate Change Commitments……………………………………………………………………………………… 25-4

26 Project Contributions to Sustainability………………………………………………………………………………. 26-3

In Text Figures

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In-Text Photographs

Appendices

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